臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　玉葉金花屬（Mussaenda）在分類上屬於茜草科（Rubiaceae）植物，主要分布於熱帶亞洲、非洲和太平洋諸島，在全世界約有一百二十種。此屬植物為雌雄異株，植株有異型花藥差異，多數植株有膨大白色萼片。目前在臺灣植物誌第二版當中紀錄有兩種：大葉玉葉金花（Mussaenda macrophylla Wall.）及毛玉葉金花（M. pubescens W.T. Aiton），其中大葉玉葉金花分布於中國，但臺灣僅分布於蘭嶼，毛玉葉金花則是分布於全臺灣及離島。然而從野外採集過程以及對照臺灣、大陸、日本及歐洲等地標本館館藏標本後發現本屬內分類群在分類處理上略有疑問。回顧前人所發表之相關文獻及尋找模式標本比對下發現，蘭嶼採集到的大葉玉葉金花某些特徵與模式標本有所不同，而毛玉葉金花分類群特徵變異頗大，應將其中之不同類群分開；形態結果顯示毛玉葉金花分類群在植株外部形態上可利用花部器官特徵作為區分，並嘗試使用光學顯微鏡觀察花粉形態、掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察葉表構造及種子表面作為分類特徵依據。比對毛玉葉金花及其同物異名之原始發表文獻和模式標本之後可將毛玉葉金花複合群分為五個分類群：1. 與日本為相同物種的玉葉金花（M. parviflora Miq.）；2.花冠筒顏色為米黃色與玉葉金花為不同分類群的台北玉葉金花（M. taihokuensis Masam.）；3.葉子為寬卵形且生活形態為灌木型與玉葉金花分開的臺灣玉葉金花 (M. taiwaniana Kaneh.)；4.原水社玉葉金花（M. albiflora Hayata）依據花序密集生於枝條頂端，呈頭狀花序狀而處理併入分布於香港及大陸的毛玉葉金花（M. pubescens）；5.原臺灣植物誌第二版所稱毛玉葉金花分類群則因其聚繖花序延長而併入1900年松村氏所發表的物種並提升至種的分類群：寶島玉葉金花（M. formosanum (Matsum.) T.Y. Aleck Yang & K.C. Huang）。蘭嶼所產大葉玉葉金花則因其喬木型及小型花萼而恢復為臺灣特有種紅頭玉葉金花（M. kotoensis Hayata）。
分子證據則利用核內ITS序列與葉綠體內trnT-trnF間的基因片段序列與已發表玉葉金花屬植物作比對，結果顯示紅頭玉葉金花自成一分支，臺灣玉葉金花與四國玉葉金花相近，其他樣本則與玉葉金花及毛玉葉金花相近。綜合以上結果，臺灣產玉葉金花屬植物共有6個分類群存在。

There are approximately 120 species in the genus Mussaenda L. (Rubiaceae) widely distributed in tropical Asia, Africa and Pacific Islands. This genus is dioecious, heterostyles, and most species of this genus with enlarged white calyxes (also known as the petaloid). There are 2 species of Mussaenda recorded in Flora of Taiwan Vol.4 2nd (ed.): Mussaenda macrophylla Wall. and M. pubescens W.T. Aiton (Yang, 1998). The former one is distributed in Lanyu Island only and China, and the latter one is found throughout the entire island of Taiwan and off-shore islands. During collecting samples in the field and comparing specimens of both species in the different herbaria of Taiwan, China, Japan and Europe, there have been some questions raised regarding the classification of this genus. After review in published papers and comparison of type specimens led to the conclusion that population of M. macrophylla collected from Lanyu Island has some characters which differ from the type specimen of M. macrophylla collected from Nepal. Moreover, the M. pubescens complex in Taiwan has numerous variations and it should be separated into different taxon. The results show that flora organs are a suitable taxonomic trait to classify this complex. The morphological and palynology pollen traits were compared, and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to observe the leaf and seed surfaces for completion of the taxonomic revision. On the other hand, after reviewing published papers of synonym and comparing type specimen or specimens in the neighborhood area, it is concluded that M. pubescens complex could be separated into five taxa: 1. Mussaenda parviflora Miq. is the same species in Japan. 2. Mussaenda taihokuensis Masam. is differ from M. parviflora with its’ beige color of corolla tube. 3. Mussaenda taiwaniana Kaneh. is differ from M. parviflora with its’ board leaves and habitat. 4. Mussaenda albiflora Hayata treated as the synonym of M. pubescens, which distributed in Hong Kong and China. 5. The taxon, Mussaenda pubescens used in Flora of Taiwan 2nd (ed.) raise into a new combination name i.e. M.formosanum (Matsum.) T.Y. Aleck Yang & K.C. Huang with its’ inflorescence cymes. Furthermore, Mussaenda macrophylla in Lanyu island should be restored to an endemic species i.e. M. kotoensis Hayata with its’ habitat is small tree and small calyx.
Phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on nrITS and trnT-trnF region in chloroplasts. The results show that Mussaenda kotoensis are grouped in one clade, M. taiwaniana are grouped with M. shikokiana and others individuals are grouped with M. pubescens and M. parviflora. Combining these results, there are six taxa of Mussaenda in Taiwan.

目錄
中文摘要………………………………………………………………...i
英文摘要……………………………………………………………….iii
論文正文
1. 前言……………………………………………………………….1
2. 前人研究歷史…………………………………………………….4
3. 研究目的………………………………………………………….9
4. 材料與方法………………………………………………………10
5. 結果…………..…………………………………………………..20
6. 討論…………..…………………………………………………..27
7. Key to Mussaenda in Taiwan (for living plant)…..………………30
8. Key to Mussaenda in Taiwan (for specimen)…..………………...31
9. Taxonomic treatment…..…………………………………………32
10. 參考文獻………………………………………………………....51
表目次………………………………………………………………….56
圖目次………………………………………………………………….71

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