臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

動物行為的研究除了可以滿足人類的好奇心之外，最重要的是了解對待動物的方式，不僅可以增進畜牧工作的效益，也可以避免對動物不必要的傷害。Contrafreeloading（CFL）的行為定義為：即使環境中有能輕鬆取得的食物來源，動物仍願意為了獲得食物而工作的覓食行為，這種行為可以藉由工作的方式獲得除了食物之外的環境資訊，有助於環境變化時尋找更多的食物來源，或危急時的避難場所。開放空間（open-field）是指一個大於原居住籠，明亮但貧乏的區域，將雞隻單獨放入後觀察其行為反應，常用於害怕測試，在開放空間中較活潑、較多行為表現的雞隻被認為是較不害怕的，而在本次試驗中，用15日齡的金門雛雞，進行連續七天的CFL採食量測定，22日齡時則利用開放空間去探討雞隻對陌生空間的探索能力與CFL的關係，最後在85日齡進行社會地位觀察，計算社會階級係數（social rank index, SRI）以代表每隻雞在雞群內的社會地位，再研究其與CFL與開放空間表現的關係。結果顯示，金門雞在測試七日期間的CFL值隨日期而有上升（P<0.001），但在性別的比較上是沒有差異的，而CFL與開放空間的表現在轉身潛時間、最終位置、最遠位置及注視的項目上達到顯著差異（P<0.01），可能由於低CFL表現的雞隻較為焦慮缺乏自信，所以較急於恢復社會聯繫而有較快的轉身時間，社會地位的表現上，無論公母主宰階級的CFL表現略高於臣服階級，但結果未達到顯著差異，可能受到環境、成長過程等其他因素的影響，或樣本數量不足導致，由以上結果顯示雞必須經過三到四天的環境適應，CFL表現會有顯著提高，而後達到較穩定的狀態，低CFL的雞隻行為表現較為焦慮，也會有較低的社會地位。

Animal behavior research can not only meet the human curiosity, but also understand the treatment of animals. In the livestock industry, it can improve working efficiency, and avoid unnecessary harm to animals. Contrafreeloading（CFL） is a foraging behaviour that even if the environment can be easily obtained in food sources, animals are still willing to work to get food. This behaviour can obtain environment information by working for food, what can be useful when the environment change, or find the shelter when it’s emergency. Open-field is an area bigger than original cage and it’s bright but barren. Chicken is placed alone and its behavior is recorded. Often used in fear test, the chicken more active in open-field is considered to be less afraid. In this experiment, Quemoy chicks at 15 days old were used to determine the CFL feed intake for 7 days. At 22 days old, chicken’s ability to explore space in open-field and its relationship with CFL were investigated. Chicken’s social status were determinated after 85 days old. Social rank index （SRI） was calculated to represent a bird’s social status in the flock and which relationship with CFL and open-field performance were studied. The results indicated that CFL value increased with the date, but no sex difference was found. There were significant difference in latency of turn, finial position, farest position, and look between CFL groups’ performance （P<0.01）. The low CFL chicken may be more anxious and lack confidence, so has the shorter latency of turn to social rehabilitation. Social status, both male and female dominate class performance of CFL slightly higher than the subordinate class, but the results did not reach significant differences. The result may be due to the environment, growth process, and other factors, or insufficient sample size. These findings revealed that chickens need a few days to adapt the new environment, CFL performance will be significantly enhanced （P <0.001）, and then to reach a more stable state. The low CFL chicken are more anxious and have the low social stutas.

壹、前言 1
貳、文獻檢討 2
一、動物行為科學的重要性 2
二、馴化與選拔對動物的改變 3
三、Contrafreelaoding（CFL）行為 4
(一) 馴化程度與品種 5
(二) 飢餓程度 5
(三) 年齡 6
(四) 社會環境 6
(五) 其他 6
四、開放空間測試 6
五、社會地位 7
六、中興大學土雞種原保存現況 9
参、材料與方法 11
一、試驗雞隻 11
二、飼養管理 11
三、試驗處理 11
（一）試驗一：測定Contrafreeloading（CFL）程度 11
（二）試驗二：開放空間測試 12
（三）試驗三：社會地位測試 14
四、統計分析 15
（一）Contrafreeloading 15
（二）開放空間 16
（三）社會地位 17
肆、結果與討論 18
一、Contrafreeloading 18
二、開放空間 22
三、社會地位 27
伍、結論 32
陸、參考文獻 33

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