臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究係利用植生復育技術來處理受PCDD/Fs及Hg污染之土壤，目的在瞭解土壤中高濃度PCDD/Fs及Hg對植物生長的影響及PCDD/Fs或Hg於植體內傳輸及分布之趨勢；探討添加試劑(檸檬酸、戴奧辛降解菌P. mendocina NSYSU及EDTA)對促進植物吸收PCDD/Fs及Hg之影響，評估植物對去除土壤中PCDD/Fs及Hg之成效。預期此一研究成果，未來將可提供植生復育技術應用於整治污染場址之重要參考依據。本研究土壤樣品係來自台南中石化安順廠污染土壤，實驗設計採用溫室盆栽方式進行，植物種類的選擇包括大花咸豐草、銀合歡、培地茅、海雀稗、白竹仔菜、玉米、痲瘋樹及南瓜等具快速生長特性之植物種，作為不同階段試驗之植物種。
本研究結果顯示，PCDD/Fs及Hg毒性均會抑制植物生長。其中，當PCDD/Fs濃度越高，植物株高度及生物質量則會明顯下降。種植物的土壤總菌落數及菌性多樣性高於未種植物土壤，顯示植物根部有助於促進根圈微生物活性之功能。PCDD/Fs污染土壤與植物根部及地上部中PCDD/Fs同源物組成具高度正相關性，pearson相關檢定係數在0.958 - 1.000之間，顯示土壤中PCDD/Fs同源物之種類及濃度係影響植物體內PCDD/Fs同源物分布之主要因素，而且證實植體內之PCDD/Fs主要以植物萃取之吸收途徑為主，由根部吸收後，再移轉至地上部。然而，所量測出的根部PCDD/Fs及Hg濃度均遠高於地上部。再由添加實驗之結果顯示，檸檬酸、P. mendocina NSYSU及EDTA等添加有助於植物對PCDD/Fs及Hg的吸收功能，而添加P. mendocina NSYSU之菌株可增加培地茅及玉米之PCDD/Fs的吸收濃度，而EDTA的添加則可有效的提高培地茅及玉米的Hg吸收濃度。至於植物組織內之PCDD/Fs及Hg的總累積量，實驗結果顯示培地茅的表現優於玉米，此乃因培地茅具較佳的耐受性及高生物質量。此外，針對土壤中PCDD/Fs及Hg之去除率而言，添加P. mendocina NSYSU之培地茅系統，其PCDD/Fs去除率達8.41%，玉米系統之PCDD/Fs去除率可達13.98%。添加EDTA之培地茅系統，其Hg去除率達28.47%，玉米之Hg去除率達10.42%。整體而言，採用玉米做為植生復育植系統之PCDD/Fs去除率大於採用培地茅之植生復育系統的PCDD/Fs去除率，而培地茅系統之Hg去除率大於玉米系統之Hg去除率。土壤中污染物之去除效果將會隨植物種類的不同，而有所差異。綜論之，培地茅及玉米等植生復育系統對於土壤中的PCDD/Fs或Hg的削減去除，均有良好的處理成效，因此建議可做為此類污染址場址植生復育系統之候選植物種。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the treatment efficiencies of PCDD/Fs and Hg contaminated soil by phytoremediation, and to learn the translocation and distribution of PCDD/Fs and Hg in the plant tissues. In addition, the object of tests of adding amendments (citric acid, P. mendocina NSYSU and EDTA) into the testing systems are to assess the effects of plants on removal rates of PCDD/Fs and Hg from the contaminated soil. The results of this research were expected to provide important reference for remediating similar contaminated sites in the future. In this study, the pot tests in greenhouse were conducted by using the contaminated soils sampled from China Petrochemical Development Corporation (CPDC) An-shun site located in Tainan City, Taiwan. The selected plant species included Bidens pilosa, Leucaena glauca, Vetiver, Paspalum vaginatum, Commelina diffusa, Maize, Physic Nut and Squash. These plant species were all characterized as rapid growth, so it would be helpful and convenient for using them in different stages of test runs.
The experimental results showed that the toxicity of PCDD/Fs and Hg might inhibit the growth of plants. The higher the concentrations of PCDD/Fs were controlled in soils, the less the height and biomass of the plant were observed. In addition, the plant roots were found able to promote the activities and diversity of microbial in the areas of rhizosphere. Besides, the congener profiles and concentration levels of PCDD/Fs between the contaminated soil and the shoot and root of plant species are highly positive correlation. In this study, it is also confirmed that the PCDD/Fs and Hg were first phytoextracted into the plant roots, and then were translocated into the shoot. However, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and Hg of root were measured much higher than the shoot. The results of tests of adding amendments showed that citric acid, P. mendocina NSYSU and EDTA would promote the uptake ability of plants for PCDD/Fs and Hg, especially the plant species of vetiver and maize. In additions, adding EDTA into test systems presented effective improvement for the plant species of vetiver and maize uptaking Hg. The experimental results for PCDD/Fs and Hg accumulating in plant tissues showed that the species of vetiver performed better than the species of maize, which meant that the species of vetiver exhibited better resistance and higher biomass than the species of maize. Moreover, the removal rates of PCDD/Fs from soils were found higher for the species of maize than the species of vetiver. However, for Hg removal rates, the experimental results indicated that the species of vetiver was found greater than the species of maize. Thus, the removal effects of PCDD/Fs and Hg from contaminated soils would vary with the different plant species. It was concluded that the higher capability of extracting PCDD/Fs and Hg into plant tissues and the ability of promoting the rhizosphere microbial activity make both species of vetiver and maize become suitable candidates for phytoremediation in soils contaminated by PCDD/Fs and Hg.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 v
目錄 vii
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xi
第一章 研究緣起與目的 1
1.1研究緣起 1
1.2目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1戴奧辛之來源及物化性質 4
2.2戴奧辛對健康及環境的危害 8
2.3汞之來源及性質 11
2.4汞對健康及環境的危害 15
2.5台南中石化安順廠簡介 16
2.6 土壤污染整治技術 18
2.7植生復育原理與機制 21
2.8植物、根分泌物及根圈微生物 23
2.9植生復育技術之優點與限制 24
2.10添加劑 25
2.11 國內外研究進展 27
2.11.1戴奧辛 27
2.11.2汞 30
2.12 植物種之選擇 33
2.13整治技術成本之比較 37
第三章 實驗材料與方法 39
3.1研究架構及實驗流程 39
3.2實驗植物 39
3.3 實驗土壤來源與前處理 42
3.4 添加劑種類 42
3.5 盆栽試驗 43
3.6 植物與土壤的採集 43
3.7 實驗分析方法 44
3.7.1含水率 44
3.7.2 土壤酸鹼值 44
3.7.3 土壤有機碳 45
3.7.4 土壤有機氮 45
3.7.5土壤總菌落數 46
3.7.6戴奧辛分析 47
3.7.7汞分析 50
3.8品保與品管 52
3.9 數據計算與統計分析 52
第四章 結果與討論 53
4.1 耐受性試驗－PCDD/Fs 53
4.1.1 土壤基本性質 53
4.1.2 PCDD/Fs對植物株高及生物質量的影響 55
4.1.3 PCDD/Fs對土壤總菌落數之影響 60
4.1.4 PCR-DGGE分析 62
4.1.5 植物組織之PCDD/Fs吸收濃度及累積量 64
4.1.6 PCDD/Fs同源物之相關性分析 68
4.2 耐受性試驗－PCDD/Fs及Hg 71
4.2.1 土壤基本性質 71
4.2.2 PCDD/Fs及Hg對植物株高及生物質量的影響 74
4.2.3 植物組織之PCDD/Fs吸收濃度及累積量 78
4.2.4 植物組織之Hg吸收濃度及累積量 83
4.3 添加實驗 87
4.3.1 植物生長高度及生物質量 87
4.3.2 土壤總菌落數 91
4.3.3 植物組織之PCDD/Fs吸收濃度及累積量 94
4.3.4 植物組織之Hg吸收濃度及累積量 99
4.3.5 土壤中PCDD/Fs之去除率 104
4.3.6 土壤中Hg之去除率 108
4.3.7 現地模場與盆栽實驗比較 112
第五章 結論與建議 115
5.1結論 115
5.2建議 116
參考文獻 118

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