臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目前含汞產品之最大使用量者為照明光源，若廢棄之照明光源於回收、清除及處理過程中，未妥善處理而造成汞逸散於空氣、水或土壤中等環境，將導致生物體受到間接性、長期性或慢性等傷害，最終危害人體。
本研究採用物質流分析方法，針對廢照明光源處理廠處理廢照明光源過程中，進行汞物質流布調查，以瞭解處理廠是否有汞逸散情形。國內廢照明光源處理廠為5家6廠，選定其中具代表之處理廠，針對廠區易受暴露之區域，進行汞濃度檢測，後續將其數據進行風險評估。
物質平衡推算結果顯示，廢照明光源處理廠空氣中逸散汞量、再生料含汞量、廢棄物含汞量、汞及其化合物、活性碳吸附之汞量分別為13.85%、23.36%、0.62%、56.35%及5.82%，並針對空氣中逸散汞量數據進行風險評估分析，結果顯示，廢照明光源處理廠各檢測點在一般情境之非致癌危害指標(HI)範圍分別為0.008-1.145、0.013-1.940及0.020-2.910，有部份數值高於HI標準1，若操作人員均配戴呼吸防護設備，其HI則分別降至0.0004-0.0573、0.0007-0.097及0.001-0.1455，顯示操作人員處理廢照明光源之作業過程中配戴呼吸防護設備，可降低汞暴露風險。
此外，後續針對實地檢測廢照明光源處理廠所產生之汞問題進行探討，並比較國內外照明光源之管理政策，以達到國際間汞物質管理趨勢「逐步限汞、最終禁汞」之目標。

Lighting source is the most commonly used among all mercury-containing products. If waste lighting source is handled inappropriately during the procedure of recycle, removing, and processing, the mercury inside may effuse into air, water or soil, causing indirect, long-term or chronic damage to organisms and affecting human body eventually.
This study applied material flow method to identify the distribution of mercury material in the treatment procedure of waste lighting source at a waste lighting source treatment plant, in order to determine whether mercury effusion occurred. There are five companies operating in six waste lighting source treatment plants in Taiwan, and the most representative one was selected for study. The mercury level was measured at areas prone to exposure and the measurements were used later in risk assessment.
From calculation based on substances equilibrium, effused mercury amount in the air sample at the waste lighting source treatment plant, mercury amount in recycle source, mercury amount in waste, mercury and its compounds, mercury adsorption amount on activated carbon were respectively 13.85%, 23.36%, 0.62%, 56.35% and 5.82%. Risk analysis was also conducted for the figures of effused mercury in air. Our results show that the non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) at each check point in the waste lighting source treatment plant ranged from 0.008-1.145, 0.013-1.940 and 0.020-2.910 respectively. Some of the measurements exceeded the standard value of one for HI. If all operators wear respiratory protection equipment, the HI was lowered to 0.0004-0.0573, 0.0007-0.097 and 0.001-0.1455 respectively, indicating the effect to reduce mercury exposure risk for operators by wearing respiratory protection equipment during working procedures.
Besides, we also discussed the mercury problem identified in our on-site check at the waste lighting source treatment plant and compared domestic and international management policies for lighting source in order to meet the international goal for mercury management, “gradually restraining the usage of mercury until ultimately total prohibition.”

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iv
目 錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 x
第一章　前言 1
1.1　研究緣起 1
1.2　研究目的 2
1.3　研究流程 2
第二章　文獻回顧 5
2.1　汞基本特性及危害 5
2.1.1　汞之基本特性 5
2.1.2　汞之來源及危害 7
2.2　照明光源種類及特性 11
2.2.1　照明光源之種類 13
2.2.2　照明光源之特性 23
2.3　物質流分析基礎探討 26
2.3.1　物質流分析定義 26
2.3.2　物質流分析種類 30
2.3.3　物質流分析之案例 31
2.4　國內外照明光源管理與管制現況 34
2.4.1　歐盟 34
2.4.2　美國 37
2.4.3　日本 38
2.4.4　國內 39
第三章　研究方法 42
3.1　廢照明光源處理廠之選擇與檢測點規劃 42
3.1.1　處理廠之選擇 42
3.1.2　檢測點之規劃 44
3.2　物質流分析流程及步驟 47
3.3　廢照明光源處理廠作業環境之風險評估 49
3.3.1　風險評估流程 50
3.3.2　非致癌指標之風險評估 51
第四章　結果與討論 54
4.1　廢照明光源處理廠之汞物質流布推估 54
4.1.1　數據收集盤查 54
4.1.2　模擬及物質平衡 60
4.2　廢照明光源處理廠作業環境之風險分析 68
4.2.1　非致癌指標之風險分析 68
4.2.2　風險分析結果 71
4.3　廢照明光源處理廠之汞排放控制與管理探討 76
4.3.1　汞排放控制措施之探討 76
4.3.2　現況問題與管理方式探討 77
4.4　照明光源之綜合評析 81
4.4.1　照明光源之現況評析 81
4.4.2　照明光源之處理技術評析 81
4.4.3　照明光源之管理政策評析 83
第五章　結論與建議 89
5.1　結論 89
5.2　建議 91
參考文獻 92

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