臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究係利用於固定軸差應力下循環平均應力此種歷時較少的三軸潛變試驗方式來對膠結砂材料進行潛變試驗之探討。在進行三軸試驗的過程中加入循環增減室壓的步驟，室壓的循環增減就相當於平均應力的反覆改變，進而使膠結砂材料產生類似潛變的行為。
膠結砂是一種人工合成材料，具有均質均向的優點，相較於存在著異向性的天然地質材料，對試驗所造成的誤差較小。而由於材料成分的關係，膠結砂具有遇水會弱化的特性，因此試驗時並未額外添加孔隙水壓。經試驗發現，有加入循環平均應力的潛變試驗相較於傳統只固定軸差應力的潛變試驗歷時較短，且試體的體積應變情形相似，因此為縮短觀察材料潛變行為的時間，故選用於固定軸差應力下循環平均應力的潛變試驗方式來進行研究。
歷經相同振幅、週期及循環數的前提下，試驗結果顯示，在同一潛變初始應力比條件下，膠結砂材料的潛變量、潛變速率以及經潛變後之強度均與潛變初始平均應力成正相關；而在同一潛變初始平均應力條件下，膠結砂材料的潛變量及潛變速率均與潛變初始應力比成正相關，經潛變後之強度與潛變初始應力比成負相關。
相同潛變初始應力比條件下，膠結砂材料以相同振幅及週期進行三軸潛變試驗，依據試驗結果，破壞循環數、潛變量及潛變第二階段軸向應變速率均與潛變初始平均應力成正相關。
本研究以膠結砂來進行潛變試驗的探討，經試驗後發現，有加入循環平均應力之潛變試驗的體積應變情形與只固定軸差應力的傳統潛變試驗相似，且歷時較短，因此循環潛變試驗也許能用於取代傳統潛變試驗，來縮短研究材料潛變行為的時間。雖然本研究礙於量測儀器的限制，所探討的潛變行為並不算相當全面，但以循環潛變試驗來取代傳統潛變試驗或許不失為一個可能性。此外亦觀察到，潛變初始應力比及潛變初始平均應力均會對膠結砂材料的潛變行為有所影響。

Using triaxial tests, before the failure of specimens, the deviator stress was fixed and the cyclic mean stress was applied to study the influence of creep on cemented sand.
Compared with the natural geological materials with anisotropy, cemented sand is a synthetic material with homogeneous and uniform advantages, so the error caused by the test is small. Due to the material composition, cemented sand has the property of being weakened by water, so the pore water pressure is not added during the test. It has been found through experiments that the creep test with the cyclic mean stress has a shorter duration than the conventional creep test with only fixed deviator stress, and the volumetric strain of the two creep test is similar. Therefore, in order to shorten the time of observing the material's creep behavior, a creep test method with a fixed deviator stress and cyclic mean stress is selected for research.
The test results show that the axial strain accumulation, the axial strain rate, and the strength after creep of cemented sand, both are positively correlated with the creep initial mean stress, under the same creep time and creep initial stress ratio. The test results also show that the axial strain accumulation and the axial strain rate of cemented sand are positively correlated with the creep initial stress ratio, and the strength after creep of cemented sand is negatively correlated with the creep initial stress ratio, under the same creep time and creep initial mean stress.
Under the same creep initial stress ratio, cemented sand with the same amplitude and period for triaxial creep test. According to the test results, the number of cycles to failure, the axial strain accumulation and the axial strain rate in the creep second stage of cemented sand are positively correlated with the creep initial mean stress.
In this study, cemented sand was used to conduct the creep test. After testing, it was found that the volumetric strain case of the cyclic mean stress creep test is similar to the conventional creep test with only fixed deviator stress and is relatively short. Therefore, the cyclic creep test may be used to replace the traditional creep test to shorten the time for studying the material's creep behavior. Although the creep behavior discussed in this study is not quite comprehensive due to the limitations of measuring instruments., it may be a possibility to replace the traditional creep test with a cyclic creep test. In addition, it is also observed that the creep initial stress ratio, and the creep initial mean stress both have an effect on the creep behavior of the cemented sand.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
目錄 v
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 前言 1
一、 研究背景 1
二、 研究動機與目的 2
三、 研究流程 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
一、 潛變 4
二、 循環潛變試驗 5
三、 具凝聚力材料之應力比 5
四、 類軟岩人工試體 7
第三章 材料與方法 8
一、 儀器 8
二、 試體 15
三、 試驗方法 22
第四章 結果與討論 31
一、 三軸循環潛變試驗與傳統潛變試驗之比較 32
二、 潛變之初始應力比及初始平均應力對膠結砂潛變行為的影響 37
三、 潛變初始應力比對膠結砂相依強度的影響 49
四、 潛變初始平均應力對膠結砂破壞的影響 54
第五章 結論與建議 63
一、 結論 63
二、 建議 64
參考文獻 65

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