臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

托瑪斯•曼(1875-1955)為本世紀德國最偉大的小說家。本論文挑選《魂斷威尼斯》與《魔山》作為研究對象，來探討這二部作品中所表達的文學題材－疾病，死亡和同性戀主題。大部分藝術家試圖在理性與情感間找到藝術和諧，但小說中主角卻陷入一邊狀態，導致心理生病。我主張日神精神和酒神精神之間所引發的衝突影響了現代藝術。由於日神精神和酒神精神之衝突無法取得平衡，小說中主角都罹患疾病（霍亂/肺結核）和精神疾病。將我的討論與弗里德里希•尼采的哲學和文學概念聯繫起來，我主張這兩部小說中追求“完美”的普遍意義可以歸結為衝突感，包括理性與情感間之衝突。作者的敘事策略呈現藝術家的孤立，對人類和音樂非理性方面的興趣，以及他對疾病作為一種精神化力量的處理。此外，我還著眼於西格蒙德•佛洛伊德本我、自我、超我與弗里德里希•尼采的日神精神和酒神精神具有相似性，它們皆說明了理性與情感兩者之間之衝突。接著，本文將分析文本如何呼應同性戀和音樂的聯繫。當主要人物在小說結束時死亡或消失，仍有一種衝突感。

The aim of this thesis is to examine the theme of illness, death and homosexuality between two texts: Mann's Death in Venice and The Magic Mountain. Most artists attempt to find the art harmony between rationality and emotion, I argue that the conflict incurred by Apollonian and Dionysian which are considered to be total opposites and this has influenced the modern art. Both protagonists suffer from physical illness(cholera/tuberculosis) and psychical illness due to the balance of Apollonian and Dionysian could not be taken. Relating my discussion to the philosophical and literary concept of Friedrich Nietzsche, I claim that the pervading sense of pursing of the "perfection" in both novels can be attributes to the sense of conflict, including rationality and emotion. The treatment of the isolation of the artist, interest in the non-rational side of man and in music, and in his treatment of illness as a spiritualising power. Moreover, I also contend that Sigmund Freud's Id, Ego and Superego has the similarity with Nietzsche's Apollonian and Dionysian, which illustrate rationality and emotion. Besides, I examine how the texts of the novels echo the homosexuality and music. There remains, a sense of conflict when the main protagonists disappear and most probably die at end of the novel.

Table of Contents
摘要 i
Abstract ii
Table of Contents iii
Introduction 1
Chapter I : An Awakening: The Way to Self-Recognition in Death in Venice 6
I. Metaphor of Venice- Searching for the "Real" Venice 7
II. Illness and Death Subjectivity- Decadence as Metaphor 12
III. Struggle between Apollo and Dionysus 17
IV. Homosexuality and Repression of Love 21
V. Self-Recognition and Awakening from Death 25
Chapter II : The Embodiment of Emotion in The Magic Mountain 27
I. Self-Salvation in the Illness 27
II. Elusive Concepts of Death 31
III. Homosexuality in the Holocaust (Struggles of Forbidden Love and Lust) 36
IV. Conflict of Rationality and Emotion 40
V. Music as Technology of Aesthetic 44
Chapter III: The Journey towards Death: Protagonists' Spiritual Wandering 52
I. Attitude of Thomas Mann in the Face of Death 52
II. Struggles among Freud's Id, Ego and Superego 54
III. Love/ Beauty as an Emotional and Physical Illness (Rising to the Aesthetic) 60
IV. Rebel against Traditional Imprisonment 64
V. The Fulfillment of the Individual's Heroic Fate- Death as the Inescapable Fate 68
VI. Being-towards-Death 72
Conclusion 76
Works Cited 82

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