臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣人民生活水平日漸提高，對於食品安全更加注重。而有機農業主旨雖為環境永續發展及促進生物多樣性，但其附加價值為較低的農藥殘留暴露風險，因此有機農產品被認為是更健康且較安全的食材，成為目前市場消費的一股潮流，但台灣有機農產品規定農藥殘留量必須為未檢出，可是鄰田的農藥飄散造成的汙染是難以避免且控制的，本篇研究希望能找出鄰田汙染與環境之相關性，協助農民盡量避免鄰田汙染之情形發生。
此篇研究與中興大學農產品驗證中心合作，將遭受鄰田汙染之有機農戶進行分類，並利用卡方檢定找出不同變項與鄰田汙染是否具相關性。以時間為分類，10月份及秋季是鄰田汙染之好發時間。以縣市為分類，台中市、雲林縣、嘉義縣及台東縣為常見鄰田汙染之縣市，而區域主要集中在中部、南部及東部，另外如將西半部以濁水溪為分界，以北為亞熱帶氣候，以南為典型熱帶型氣候，則濁水溪以南發生鄰田汙染之比例高於濁水溪以北，並且民國103年鄰田汙染與氣候具相關性。另外將遭受鄰田汙染之農產品的農藥數量進行統計，前五名分別為：陶斯松、愛殺松、克凡派、撲滅寧及益達胺，種類為殺蟲劑、殺菌劑及殺蟎劑。而當大氣環境吹東北風或風速為0.3m/s~1.5m/s (蒲福風級為1)時，有機農戶具有較高的機率會發生鄰田汙染。另當氣溫為20~30℃時，也較容易發生鄰田汙染。最後如將台灣之有機農戶農藥殘留量比照美國有機農產品農藥標準(容許量5%)，則台灣遭受鄰田汙染之有機農戶不合格率可降至3.6%以下，以維護有機農民耕作信心。
鄰田汙染是無法避免且為造成有機農戶不合格之主要原因，台灣有機農業要求農藥殘留量需為未檢出之高門檻，影響台灣有機農業發展。由本篇之研究可以幫助有機農戶了解有機農產品遭受鄰田汙染之好發時間及氣候特性，避免鄰田汙染之情形再發生。

The living standards of Taiwanese are increasing and they are paying more attention to food safety. The main purpose of organic agriculture is environmental sustainability and biodiversity, its another value is the lower risk exposure of pesticide residues. Therefore, organic agricultural products are considered healthier and safer ingredients, and they become a trend of the market consumption. Pesticide residues of organic agricultural products in Taiwan must be undetected, but the contamination of pesticides drifting from neighboring fields is very difficult to avoid and control. So this study hopes to can find out the correlation between neighboring pollution and the environment that can help operators avoid the neighboring pollution.
The data of this study collaborated with Agricultural Products Approval and Certification Center of National Chung Hsing University. It was classified organic operators who have been polluted by neighboring fields and used the chi-square test to find out the relationship with different variables. In terms of time, October and fall were the times of neighboring pollution. Classified by areas, Taichung City, Yunlin County, Chiayi County and Taitung County were common areas of neighboring pollution, and they concentrated in the central, southern and eastern regions. Classified by Zhuoshui River in western Taiwarn (north is a subtropical climate, and south is a typical tropical climate), the probability of neighboring pollution in the south is higher than north, and the neighboring pollution had significant related with climate in 2014. In addition, the top five number of pesticides in organic agricultural products contaminated by neighboring fields were: Chlorpyrifos, Ethion, Chlorfenapyr, Procymidone and Imidacloprid, which were insecticides, fungicides and miticides. When the wind direction was northeast or the wind speed was 0.3m/s~1.5m/s (the Beaufort scale level was 1), the organic operators had a higher probability to suffer contaminating by pesticides. In addition, when the temperature was 20~30 °C, it was easier to happen neighboring pollution. Finally, if the pesticide standard of organic agricultural products in Taiwan was compared with US (the amount was no more 5% MRL), the unqualified rate of organic operators who suffer from neighboring pollution in Taiwan cloud be reduced to 3.6%. That can maintain the confidence of organic operators.
Neighboring pollution is unavoidable and it is the main factor for the failure of organic certification. Organic agriculture in Taiwan requires pesticide residues must be undetected, which affects the development of Taiwan's organic agriculture. From this research can help organic operators understand the time and climate characteristics of organic agricultural products suffering from neighboring pollution, and help them to avoid the pollution happening again.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目次 iv
表目次 v
圖目次 vii
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻探討 3
第一節 全球有機農業概況 3
第二節 我國有機農業之發展及規範 5
第三節 鄰田汙染與化學農藥 8
第三章 材料與方法 13
第一節 資料來源及整理 13
第二節 農藥殘留檢驗 13
第三節 數據統計及分析 14
第四章 實驗結果 15
第一節 有機農戶遭受農藥汙染之原因分析 15
第二節 有機農戶遭受鄰田汙染之時間分析 15
第三節 不合格之有機農戶地域分布 18
第四節 有機農產品殘留之農藥種類統計與分析 21
第五章 討論 22
第一節 不合格有機農戶之風向及風速現況 22
第二節 不合格之有機農戶降雨量、氣溫及農藥殘留現況 23
第六章 結論 26
附表 27
附圖 58
參考文獻 66
附件 71

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