臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

大多數國家紛紛制定了食物過敏原標示的法規，規範食品標示過敏原，才能提供給相關利害關係者一個明確的執行原則。本研究選擇以歐盟、美國、澳大利亞/紐西蘭、南非、中國、日本和臺灣一起比較說明。
研究發現各國對於需食物過敏原標示的定義不致相同，這影響了所規範的食物種類。主要以包裝食品為管制對象，但多數並不適用小型企業的商業規模。一般食物過敏原標示又可分為成分表及聲明2種方式。採用成分表做為標示的國家分別為歐盟、美國、南非、中國及日本；聲明方式分別為歐盟、美國、澳/紐、中國及臺灣。預防性過敏原標示多無統一標示用語，南非是唯一採取強制性標示的國家。使用無麩質的聲明部分，各國較有一致性的共識，而只有澳/紐則採取不得檢測到麩質的含量。以高度加工方式去除過敏原者，比較有提供食品業者免責成分的規範方向。檢驗方法的使用仍有其限制性，多數國家皆以ELISA法為優先建議的檢驗法。並且檢驗應成為監測過敏原交叉污染風險戰略的一部分。
有關臺灣食物過敏原的相關研究及資訊跟國外相比仍尚不足夠。當法規訂定之後，相關利害關係機構(患者相關組織、食品行業和監管機構)輔助過敏性消費者瞭解產品中的過敏原標示的意義也是重點之一，如何提供患者給予食物過敏原相關的知識教育是必需的，並且監管機構是否有持續監控標示的有效性，以做為修正執行策略的基礎，如此才能達到最佳的效果。

Most countries have regulations for labeling food allergens, require food labeling allergens, and provide a clear implementation principle for relevant stakeholders. The study was discussed in the European Union, the United States, Australia/New Zealand, South Africa, China, Japan, and Taiwan.
The study found that the definitions of food allergen labels were not the same in all countries, which affected the regulated food types. Mainly in food packaging for the control of objects, but most commercial scale does not apply to small businesses. General food allergen labeling can be divided into the ingredient list and the statement in two ways. The countries using the ingredient list are the European Union, the United States, South Africa, China and Japan; these countries that use the statement method are the European Union, the United States, Australia/New Zealand, China and Taiwan. Precautionary allergen labelling in most countries there is no uniform terminology, and only South Africa imposes mandatory requirements. Use gluten-free section of the declaration, the countries have more consistency consensus, Only Australian/New Zealand cannot contain the detected gluten content. Those who remove allergens by high-processing methods have a more standardized direction for providing food industry exemptions. The test method is still limited, and most countries use the ELISA method as the preferred test method. And testing should be part of a strategy to monitor allergen cross-contamination risks. Relevant research and information about Taiwan food allergens are still not enough compared with foreign countries. After having regulations, relevant stakeholders (patient-related organizations, food industry and regulatory agencies) are also one of the key points in assisting allergic consumers to understand the meaning of allergen labels in products. How to provide knowledge education related to patients' food allergens is necessary to achieve the goal.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目次 iv
圖表索引 vii
表次 vii
圖次 viii
縮寫對照表 ix
壹、引言 1
貳、文獻整理 3
一、不良食物反應(Adverse food reactions)的定義 4
二、食物過敏(Food allergy；FA)的定義 6
三、食物過敏的症狀 7
四、食物過敏的盛行率(Prevalence)的研究 10
五、引起食物過敏的食物種類 11
六、食物過敏的管理 18
參、國際間食物過敏原的法規 22
一、歐盟 22
(一)管制範圍 24
(二)過敏原的標示方式 26
(三)免責成分 29
(四)檢驗方法 30
二、美國 30
(一)管制範圍 32
(二)過敏原的標示方式 34
(三)免責成分 36
(四)檢驗方法 37
三、澳大利亞 37
(一)管制範圍 39
(二)過敏原的標示方式 41
(三)免責成分 44
(四)檢驗方法 45
四、南非 45
(一)管制範圍 47
(二)過敏原的標示方式 48
(三)免責成分 51
(四)檢驗方法 51
五、中國 51
(一)管制範圍 52
(二)過敏原的標示方式 53
(三)免責成分 54
(四)檢驗方法 54
六、臺灣 55
(一)管制範圍 55
(二)過敏原的標示方式 57
(三)免責成分 58
(四)檢驗方法 59
肆、討論 60
一、需標示食物過敏原的種類 60
(一)訂定食物過敏原種類的來源 60
(二)國際間初次訂定食物過敏原法規的原由 61
(三)各國目前所規範的食物過敏原種類說明 64
二、過敏原的標示要求 68
(一)管制範圍 68
1.必需標示的食品包裝形式 68
2.食品添加劑的納入情況 70
3.可食性包裝材料 71
(二)標示方式 71
1.食物過敏原標示 72
2.預防性過敏原標示 75
3.業者可以使用的含量聲明方式 79
三、免責成分 81
四、檢驗方法 83
伍、結論 103
陸、未來展望 105
柒、參考文獻 111
附錄1.食品過敏原標示規定 126
附錄2.食品過敏原標示規定(109年適用) 127
附錄3.日本食物過敏原標示判斷樹 129

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