臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

生物炭是以有機質作為原料，經熱裂解形成富含碳的產物。大部分外施生物炭能改善貧瘠土壤並促進作物生長，但卻也有生物炭的施用會降低作物產量。因此本研究利用在400℃下炭化的葡萄藤生物炭進行水稻盆栽試驗。結果顯示，施用1%與2.5%的葡萄藤生物炭處理會使水稻株高顯著下降。接著，進一步試驗葡萄藤生物炭與雞糞共施，分別為控制組、1%葡萄藤生物炭、雞糞和雞糞+1%葡萄藤生物炭處理，各處理再分別作未孵育與預先加水進行孵育兩周，再進行水稻栽培與水稻幼苗的生長分析。結果顯示，在未孵育處理，單施1%葡萄藤生物炭和雞糞+1%葡萄藤生物炭其株高與乾鮮重皆顯著低於控制組；而在孵育兩周處理，雞糞與雞糞+葡萄藤生物炭處理之水稻，其株高與乾鮮重皆顯著高於控制組。而無論有無孵育，添加葡萄藤生物炭會使土壤pH值、EC值、有機質含量與有效磷含量上升，但卻使銨態氮含量下降。將孵育過的土壤進行微生物分析，發現經預先孵育的雞糞+葡萄藤生物炭能最顯著提高土壤微生物活性，且水稻幼苗生長並無受抑。探究上述原因，可能是葡萄藤生物炭內含有有毒物質且會降低土壤有效氮進而導致水稻幼苗生長受抑，而添加雞糞並孵育可以有效解除葡萄藤生物炭的抑制效果。

Biochar is a carbon-rich product which is made from organic matter as a raw material by pyrolsis. Most of the applied biochar can improve poor soil and promote crop growth, but there are also applications of biochar to reduce crop yield. Therefore, this study used grape vine biochar for rice pot experiment. The results showed that application of 1% and 2.5% grape vine biochar treatment significantly reduced rice seeding plant height. Then, the grape vine biochar was further tested with chicken manure, which was treated with control (C), 1% grape vine biochar (B), chicken manure (G) and chicken manure +1% grape vine biochar (B1%+G), each treatment was non-incubated and incubated pre-watered for two weeks, respectively. The results showed that in the non-incubation, the plant height and dry weight of B1% and B1%+G were significantly lower than C, while in the two weeks of incubation, the plant height and dry weight of rice treated with G and B1%+G were significantly higher than the C. Addition of grape vine biochar increased the soil pH, EC value, organic matter content and available phosphorus content, but decreased the ammonium nitrogen content. The microbial analysis of the incubated soil showed that the pre-incubated B1%+G could significantly increase microbial activity, and there was no disadvantage in rice seedling growth. To explore the above reasons, it may be that the grape vine biochar contains toxic substances and will reduce the soil available nitrogen and lead to the growth of rice seedlings. Adding chicken manure and incubating can effectively remove the inhibition of grape vine biochar.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目次 iii
表次索引 v
圖次索引 vi
壹、前言 1
貳、前人研究 8
一、生物炭的起源與發展 8
二、生物炭性質 9
三、添加生物炭對土壤理化性質的影響 11
四、添加生物炭對作物之影響 12
五、添加生物炭對土壤微生物之影響 14
參、材料與方法 16
一、生物炭原料 16
二、生物炭炭化 16
三、葡萄藤原料與生物炭基本性質分析 18
四、土壤來源與性質分析 19
五、水稻品種及種子預處理 23
六、有機質肥料供給 23
七、試驗規劃與處理 23
八、農藝性狀調查 25
九、群落層級生理圖 (Community-level physiological profiling, CLPP) 25
十、統計分析 28
肆、結果與討論 29
一、葡萄藤原料與葡萄藤生物炭的性質差異 29
二、不同葡萄藤生物炭濃度對水稻幼苗生長之影響 32
三、添加葡萄藤生物炭與雞糞未經孵育對水稻幼苗生長之影響 35
四、添加葡萄藤生物炭與雞糞經孵育後對水稻幼苗生長之影響 38
五、添加葡萄藤生物炭與雞糞未經孵育與孵育後對土壤理化之影響 42
六、葡萄藤生物炭與雞糞對土壤微生物之影響 47
伍、結論 59
陸、參考文獻 60

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