臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

有機-無機鈣鈦礦太陽能電池Perovskite solar cells (PSCs)目前被視為最具發展淺力的太陽能光伏技術之一，具有低材料成本及製備程序上較簡單的優勢，因此吸引許多研究團隊紛紛投入研究，其光電轉換效率也在短短幾年間從3.8%提升至21%以上。因此，本論文使用有機無機甲基氨基碘化鉛(CH3NH3PbI3)鈣鈦礦材料作為吸光層，藉由二次步驟沉積法，調整製程中的參數，比較不同條件下薄膜的形貌及性能表現。
本論文分為三個部分，第一部分主要調整前驅溶液(PbI2)的濃度及溶液(CH3NH3I)浸泡時間，利用電子顯微鏡觀察其成膜後的膜面差異，並從中取得較佳的實驗製程參數。第二部分主要是在前驅溶液中(PbI2)摻雜PbCl2或PbBr2，透過調整不同的摻雜比例合成並製成元件，以探討不同摻雜比例時對光學性質和元件的性能表現。第三部份透過實驗室開發的真空輔助裝置，探討真空輔助系統應用於混合鹵化物鈣鈦礦膜層上的作用和光電轉換效率上的影響。

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered to be one of the most promising solar photovoltaic technologies due to their low material cost, simple preparation procedures and high conversion efficiency over 21 % in just a few years. For this reason, the organic-inorganic perovskite of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) is selected as absorbent material and prepared by the sequential deposition to investigate the effects of the halide dopants and processing parameters on the device performance in this study.
The thesis can be mainly divided into three parts. In the first part, we studied the concentration of PbI2 precursor solution and the loading time of CH3NH3I solution. The surface morphology and crystalline structure of perovskite film was analyzed by SEM and XRD to find the optimal processing condition. In the second part, we studied the doping effect of PbCl2 or PbBr2 in the CH3NH3PbI3. Different ratios of PbCl2 or PbBr2 to PbI2 were prepared to investigate the optical properties and conversion efficiency of mixed halide perovskites. In the third part, we explored the effect of the vacuum assisted treatment on the mixed halide perovskites and figured out the relationship between the conversion efficiency and the mixed halide perovskites with/without vacuum assisted treatment.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 太陽能電池 3
2.1.1 太陽能電池簡介 3
2.1.2 太陽能元件原理 6
2.2 太陽能電池參數 7
2.2.1 開路電壓(Open Circuit Voltage, VOC) 7
2.2.2 短路電流(Short Circuit Current, ISC) 7
2.2.3 最大功率點(maximum power point, Pmpp) 8
2.2.4 填充因子(Fill factor, FF) 8
2.2.5 光電轉換效率(Power Conversion Efficiency, η) 8
2.3 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池結構 9
2.3.1 正式n-i-p元件膜層結構 9
2.3.2 反式p-i-n元件膜層結構 10
2.4 鈣鈦礦太陽能電池沉積方法 12
2.4.1 一次法沉積步驟 12
2.4.2 二次法沉積步驟 13
2.4.3 真空輔助處理 14
2.5 不同摻雜元素對於鈣鈦礦溶液沉積之影響 15
2.5.1 PbI2對於鈣鈦礦溶液沉積之影響 16
2.5.2 PbCl2對於鈣鈦礦溶液沉積之影響 18
2.5.3 PbBr2對於鈣鈦礦溶液沉積之影響 18
第三章 實驗內容 19
3.1 實驗藥品及儀器 19
3.2 溶液配製 21
3.2.1 Compact-TiO2溶液 21
3.2.2 TiCl4溶液 21
3.2.3 Mesoporous-TiO2溶液 21
3.2.4 PbI2溶液 21
3.2.5 CH3NH3I溶液 22
3.2.6 Li-TFSI 溶液 22
3.2.7 Spiro-OMeTAD 溶液 22
3.3 元件製程 23
3.4 實驗環境 26
3.5 儀器分析 27
3.5.1熱場發射掃描電子顯微鏡 27
3.5.2 X光繞射儀(XRD) 28
3.5.3 光激發螢光頻譜 (photoluminescence, PL) 29
3.5.4 熱蒸鍍鍍膜系統 30
3.5.5 太陽光模擬器 31
3.5.6 紫外光可見光光譜儀(UV/VIS/NIR Spectrometers) 33
第四章 實驗結果與討論 34
4.1 不同前驅溶液濃度對鈣鈦礦膜層的影響 34
4.1.1 前驅溶液PbI2之濃度調整 34
4.2 CH3NH3I溶液浸泡時間(loading time) 38
4.2.1不同CH3NH3I持續時間對鈣鈦礦膜層的影響 38
4.3 在前驅溶液中摻雜不同元素 40
4.3.1前驅溶液中摻雜不同元素對鈣鈦礦膜層的影響 40
4.4 真空輔助處理對鈣鈦礦膜層的影響 43
4.4.1真空輔助處理對鈣鈦礦膜層的影響 43
第五章 結論 49
第六章 參考文獻 50

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