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研究生:陳坤虎
研究生(外文):KUN-HU CHEN
論文名稱:青少年自我認同與父母管教態度及自尊之關係
指導教授:吳英璋吳英璋引用關係
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:心理學研究所
學門:社會及行為科學學門
學類:心理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2001
畢業學年度:89
語文別:中文
論文頁數:167
中文關鍵詞:青少年自我認同父母管教態度自尊
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:243
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  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:23
自我認同乃青少年時期最重要的發展任務(Erikson, 1968)。自Erikson提出自我認同概念後,研究者對於自我認同的觀點互有分歧,但在研究取向上多以自我認同狀態(status)為主。近年來有些研究者嘗試研究自我認同的歷程(process)和內容(content)。本文整理關於自我認同的觀點後,提出自我認同之向度,可以拓展為個人認同、社會認同、集體認同及形象認同等四向度;此外,對於自我認同的評量除「重要性」外,也應增加對自我認同之「探索」、「發展危機」,及「確定性」的評量。
本研究目的為1.瞭解青少年初期(國中)、中期(高中)與後期(大學)等三階段自我認同之狀況;2.瞭解自我認同與自尊之關係;3.瞭解自我認同與父母管教態度之關係;4.瞭解自我認同與父母管教態度及自尊之關係。
研究結果歸納成以下幾點結論:1.研究結果發現在重要性的評量方面,國中生及高中生較重視形象認同及社會認同,大學生較重視個人認同;在確定性的評量方面,大學生在四項自我認同確定性(包含整體自我認同、個人認同、社會認同及形象認同)皆顯著高於國中生或高中生,國中生及高中生除在形象認同國中生較高外,其餘皆無顯著的差異。2.研究結果支持自我認同影響自尊的假設。3.研究結果支持父母的管教態度影響自我認同的假設。4.研究結果支持父母的管教態度透過青少年自我認同影響自尊的假設。5.研究結果發現父親管教態度對個人認同重要性在青少年初期及中期有顯著影響,對其他自我認同分向度則無顯著影響,至後期則對自我認同各分向度皆無顯著影響;對自我認同確定性在青少年中期及後期有顯著影響,但此影響有逐漸變小之趨勢。6.研究結果發現母親管教態度對自我認同重要性在青少年初期有顯著影響,但此影響至青少年中期及後期,影響逐漸變小;對於自我認同確定性在青少年初期雖較顯著影響,但至青少年中期及後期影響有逐漸變大之趨勢。7.本研究發現青少年初期及中期的自尊受父親管教態度透過自我認同的影響較大,青少年後期的自尊則受母親管教態度透過自我認同的影響較大。
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究緣起 1
第二節 青少年之界定 2
第三節 青少年之行為特徵 3
第四節 自我認同的發展 4
一、自我認同之意涵 4
二、Erikson的心理社會發展理論與自我認同危機理論8
三、Marcia的自我認同狀態研究典範 11
四、Berzonsky的自我認同處理歷程 13
五、Cheek的自我認同內容 14
第五節 本研究自我認同的觀點及其相關的因素 17
一、自我認同特徵 19
二、重要他人 25
三、父母管教態度 27
(一)父母管教態度的定義與意義 27
(二)父母管教態度的類型 28
(三)父母管教態度對子女的影響 29
四、管教態度與自我認同之關係 32
五、自尊的概念與內涵 34
(一)自尊的概念與內涵 34
(一)自尊與行為之關係 35
第二章 本研究理念架構 38
第一節 重新討論自我認同內容研究的概念與測量 38
第一節 研究架構與假設 39
第三章 研究方法 46
第一節 研究工具 46
一、自我認同的測量 46
二、自尊的測量 55
三、父母管教態度的測量 58
第二節 受試者 71
第三節 研究實施程序 72
第四節 結果分析方向 73
第四章 研究結果 74
第一節 各研究變項統計分析 74
一、「發展階層」與「自我認同重要性」之結果分析74
二、「發展階層」與「探索危機」之結果分析 75
三、「探索」、「危機」類型與「自我認同重要性」之結果分析81
四、「發展階層」與「自我認同確定性」之結果分析87
五、「發展階層」與「自尊」之結果分析 89
六、「發展階層」與「父、母管教態度」之結果分析90
第二節 各變項間的相關分析 93
一、「國中組」各變項間的相關分析 93
三、「高中組」各變項間的相關分析 94
四、「大學組」各變項間的相關分析 96
第三節 研究假設模式之徑路分析檢驗 101
一、「國中組」之徑路分析結果 101
二、「高中組」之徑路分析結果 108
三、「大學組」之徑路分析結果 116
第五章 綜合討論與結論 130
第一節 綜合討論 130
一、自我認同中的形象認同向度 130
二、青少年自我認同之狀況 133
三、青少年對自尊的知覺 134
四、青少年對父母管教態度的知覺 135
五、青少年自我認同與父母管教態度與及自尊之關係135
第二節 本研究之結論與限制 138
參考文獻 141
附錄一 研究計畫書 155
附錄二 本研究問卷 156
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