臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

經濟、能源及環境為全球目前最關心之三大議題。傳統以化石燃料為主之塑膠製品不易回收，增加汙染問題；而由玉米、蔽奏孕芺隤型鬼鴟皛禱嶀妓ㄙ咿珨E合而成的生物可分解塑膠─聚乳酸 (PLA) 則愈來愈受科學及產業注意。樹薯澱粉是碳水化合物中較具經濟效益的農作物之一，其可被 Lactobacillus amylovorus 於醱酵中所分泌之 ?amylases 和 glucoamylases 液化水解成可利用之糖分子。而為提高製程效率，以連續式操作之小型研究是微生物醱酵生產最常見且最實用的。本研究即以樹薯澱粉為料源，並以 Lactobacillus amylovorus 進行連續式醱酵產乳酸，探討不同pH、基質濃度、水力滯留時間以及迴流控制對醱酵產乳酸之影響。
連續式系統易受環境因子汙染，造成操作上之不穩定，因此研究發現，以 pH 5.0 控制系統，最能使系統穩定操作，其乳酸濃度為 18.31 g/L。改變基質濃度能夠提升乳酸產量，最適條件為 35 g/L 之澱粉濃度，生產乳酸 33.51 g/L，而澱粉濃度超過 35 g/L 即會產生基質效應抑制乳酸之生產。
於連續式操作下，隨著 HRT 下降，乳酸濃度隨之提升，至 HRT 7 h 穩態時有較佳之乳酸濃度及產量 34.22 g/L 與 4.74 g/L/h，當 HRT 持續降低，乳酸濃度及產量則逐漸下降。當連續式接上迴流操作進行反應時，以 2.08 mL/min. 之迴流速率能夠產生最大效益，其最佳乳酸濃度及產量為 23.51 g/L 及 5.86 g/L/h，若加快迴流速率，會降低乳酸之生產。

The three Es, Economy, Energy and Environment, are the trend for global developing policy. The traditional oil-based plastics are not biodegradable and difficult to recycle, thus the bio-based polymers - Poly lactic acid (PLA), which made from the natural resources, are getting more attraction at scientists and industrial sector. Lactic acid is the monomer of PLA, and is already extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and textile industries. Because of its wide application, the efficient production process of lactic acid is critically needed. Cassava is one of the most efficient crops in terms of carbohydrate production. It could liquefy and hydrolyze to sugar by Lactobacillus amylovorus of ?amylases and glucoamylases in the saccharification process. In this study we used cassava starch as substrate and ferment lactic acid with Lactobacillus amylovorus in a continuous reactor. The effect of the different pH value, concentration of starch, HRT, cell-recycle rate on both cell growths and lactic acid production were discussed.
The continuous system is prone to contamination and hence operational stability is the common problem encountered. The experimental results showed that operation with the pH controlled at 5.0 in a continuous system could bring stable operating with a production of the lactic acid concentration of 18.31 g/L. It was found that the better production of lactic acid of 33.51 g/L was obtained from the feedstock of starch concentration 35 g/L, and a substrate inhibition occured when the starch concentration higher than 35 g/L.
With the decreasing of HRT in a continuous system, the lactic acid concentration increased. The maximum lactic acid concentration and productivity were 34.22 g/L and 4.74 g/L/h respectively when operated in HRT 7 h. When the system operated at faster dilution rate than HRT 7 h, it could lower the lactic acid concentration and productivity. Finally, it operated the continuous system with membranes cell-recycle. The maximum lactic acid and productivity were 23.51 g/L and 5.86 g/L/h respectively in the substrate recycle rate of 2.08 mL/min.

摘要...............................................................................................................................I
Abstract III
目錄.............................................................................................................................V
圖目錄 ......................................................................................................................IX
表目錄 ......................................................................................................................XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究目的與動機 1
1.2 實驗架構 4
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 澱粉之介紹 5
2.1.1 澱粉水解酵素之種類 7
2.2 乳酸 11
2.2.1 乳酸之基本性質介紹 11
2.2.2 乳酸之應用與特性 12
2.3 乳酸之來源 14
2.3.1 化學合成法 15
2.3.2 微生物醱酵法 15
2.4 乳酸菌 20
2.4.1 乳酸菌之基本性質介紹 20
2.4.2 Lactobacillus amylovorus 之簡介 21
2.4.3 乳酸菌代謝路徑 22
2.4.4 同步糖化醱酵 25
2.5 聚乳酸 27
2.5.1 聚乳酸之介紹 27
2.5.2 聚乳酸之基本性質與應用 29
2.6 乳酸之分離與純化 31
第三章 實驗材料及方法 33
3.1 實驗儀器設備與藥品 33
3.1.1實驗儀器 33
3.1.2 藥品試劑 34
3.1.3 連續式實驗裝置 35
3.1.4 菌種來源 37
3.2 實驗方法與步驟 39
3.2.1 菌種培養 39
3.2.2 基質配方 39
3.2.3 連續式醱酵實驗方法 40
3.3 分析方法 42
3.3.1 乳酸及其液相組成分析 42
3.3.2 還原糖濃度分析 43
3.3.3 總糖濃度分析 44
3.3.4 菌量分析 44
3.3.5 菌相組成分析 45
3.3.6 高解析可變真空掃描式電子顯微鏡 49
第四章 結果與討論 51
4.1 以生物法產乳酸之連續式製程 52
4.1.1 連續式反應槽之穩定操作策略 52
4.1.2 乳酸菌優勢化 55
4.1.3 pH值控制策略 57
4.1.4 菌相分析 62
4.1.5 液相組成分析 63
4.2 不同基質濃度對乳酸產量之影響 67
4.2.1 以內直徑 0.3 公分之進料基質管進行醱酵反應 67
4.2.2 以內直徑 0.6 公分之進料基質管進行醱酵反應 69
4.3 不同水力滯留時間 (HRT) 對乳酸產量之影響 73
4.3.1 連續式醱酵產乳酸之未迴流系統 74
4.3.2 連續式醱酵產乳酸之有迴流系統 80
4.4 連續式醱酵槽菌相觀察 85
第五章 結論與建議 90
5.1 結論 90
5.2 建議 91
參考文獻 92

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