臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要在設計與製作以數位訊號處理器(DSP)為基礎之三相永磁式馬達變頻器，並以直接轉矩控制法則控制永磁式馬達。直接轉矩控制主要是針對定子磁通與電磁轉矩做直接控制，過去已經成功運用在交流感應馬達上，本論文則是將其應用在永磁式馬達，使其具有快速轉矩響應、良好動態以及低轉矩漣波特性。
為了改善傳統以橋式整流搭配大容量濾波電容之整流電路所產生之高諧波失真量與低功率因數，因此本論文將以主動式電源功率因數修正器，實作出具有高功率因數、低電流諧波與高效率之三相永磁無刷馬達變頻器驅動電路。同時為了達到即時監控功能，本文將 DSP 控制器搭配通用串列匯流排 (USB)傳輸介面，使 DSP 能夠藉由 USB 之高速傳輸介面將資訊傳送至主機端，以即時監控三相永磁無刷馬達之運轉狀態。

The main purpose of this thesis is to design and implement a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive by using the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) controller. The Direct Torque Control (DTC) is a method to control the torque by calculating the magnetic flux and torque based on the measured voltage and current of the motor. Because of the fast response characteristics for torque and flux changes, if has widely adopted to the AC inductor motors drive. In order to obtain the same results as in the inductor motors drive, the DTC algorithm will be applied to the PMSM drive in this thesis.
Due to the fast and quick switching of the motor drive, large amount of the harmonics are generated in the supply terminal and then result in the low power factor for the drive. This thesis will design and implement an active power factor corrector to improve this drawback. Also, for real time monitoring the dynamic behavior of motor drive, a serial communication via the USB controller interface will be designed to communicate between the DSP and PC. Finally, a prototype PMSM drive will be implemented and the experimental results will also be demonstrated.

摘 要.................................i
Abstract..............................ii
目 錄...............................iii
圖目錄..............................viii
表目錄...............................xvi
第一章 緒論...........................1
1.1 前言...............................3
1.2 文獻探討...........................6
1.3 研究方向...........................8
1.4 論文貢獻...........................8
1.5 章節概要...........................9
第二章 永磁式馬達控制架構理論........10
2.1 永磁式馬達簡介....................10
2.2.1 永磁式馬達數學模型推導........16
2.2.2 永磁式馬達反電動勢............18
2.3 軸座標轉換........................20
2.3.1 Clarke轉換....................22
2.3.2 Park轉換......................24
2.3.3 永磁式馬達數學方程式..........26
2.4 三相交流馬達驅動控制概述..........28
2.4.1 純量控制......................30
2.4.2 向量控制......................31
2.4.3 直接轉矩控制..................33
2.5 三相永磁式馬達橋式驅動器..........35
2.5.1 120°導通方式..................36
2.5.2 180°導通方式..................39
2.6 永磁式馬達轉子位置檢測............42
2.7 永磁式馬達轉矩漣波................44
2.8 功率因數修正......................46
2.8.1 主動式功率因數修正電路........48
2.8.2 主動式功因修正電路之控制方法..50
2.8.3 連續導通模式控制..............50
2.8.4 非連續導通模式控制............51
2.9 DSP與USB傳輸架構..................53
2.9.1 DSP與USB通訊傳輸架構..........55
2.9.2 USB通訊協定...................57
2.9.3 USB微控制器架構...............58
第三章 永磁式馬達之直接轉矩控制......60
3.1 前言..............................60
3.2 直接轉矩控制理論..................62
3.3 定子電壓向量......................64
3.4 磁通與轉矩控制....................70
3.5 PID控制...........................74
3.5.1 比例控制......................75
3.5.2 積分控制......................76
3.5.3 微分控制......................77
第四章 硬體電路設計與製作............78
4.1 DSP控制器.........................79
4.2 三相橋式驅動器電路................81
4.2.1 開關元件特性..................82
4.2.2 閘極驅動電路..................84
4.2.3 光耦合隔離電路................87
4.2.4 緩衝電路(Snubber Circuit).....89
4.3 單穩態電路........................92
4.4 電流感測電路......................94
4.5 電壓量測電路......................97
4.6 數位轉類比電路( DAC ).............98
4.7 主動式功因修正電路................99
4.8 USB SLAVE FIFO電路...............101
4.9 硬體電路實體架構圖...............104
第五章 系統軟體架構.................110
5.1 轉子磁極區間判別.................113
5.2.1 定子電流迴授.................117
5.2.2 定子電壓向量估測.............118
5.2.3 定子磁通估測.................120
5.3 轉速計算.........................123
5.3.1 轉子角位置估測...............124
5.4 直接轉矩控制實現.................125
5.5 DSP與PC傳輸程式架構..............128
5.5.1 PC端人機介面應用程式.........128
5.5.2 USB韌體程式架構..............130
5.5.3 DSP與Slave FIFO通訊架構......131
第六章 實驗結果與討論...............134
6.1 實驗測試平台架構.................134
6.2 實測波形與討論...................136
6.2.1 緩衝電路之電壓與電流波形.....140
6.2.2 主動式功因修正電路測試波形...142
6.2.3 馬達定子電流波形.............145
6.2.4 直接轉矩控制波形.............146
6.2.5 USB裝置實驗測試圖形..........152
第七章 結論與展望...................155
7.1 未來研究方向.....................156
附錄A................................157
參考文獻.............................161
作者簡介.............................166

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