臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究針對高鉻白口鑄鐵及多元合金白口鑄鐵兩組最佳條件（包含合金成份及熱處理條件），經過Pin-on-Disk磨耗測試和固體顆粒沖蝕磨耗試驗比較其耐磨耗性。另，針對高鉻白口鑄鐵及多元合金白口鑄鐵之合金元素種類及成份對於鑄造狀態及經熱處理後之顯微組織有密切的關係，並直接影響其耐磨耗性。
研究結果顯示；高鉻白口鑄鐵試片之磨耗損失與測試時間大致呈一線性關係，試片之表面有明顯之深刻痕，且多處嚴重挖空剝離現象。觀察淬火材料與回火材料經沖蝕後之次表面形貌，前者之凹坑約4.5~8.0mm較後者深。經淬火處理之材料經過沖蝕後，麻田散鐵晶界產生明顯的裂痕，隨後沖蝕整區剝落，破裂路徑沿著麻田散鐵晶界向內延伸至碳化物。經回火處理之材料經過沖蝕後，殘留沃斯田鐵會變態為回火麻田散鐵，使得材料之韌性提升，而較能抵抗衝擊所產生的裂痕生長，破裂僅發生在凹坑區，並無向下延伸之跡象。多元合金白口鑄鐵試片之磨耗損失與測試時間大致呈一非線性關係。試片之表面呈現淺刻痕現象，沖蝕次表面形貌觀察回火材料凹坑較淺約4mm，回火處理沖蝕後,回火溫度570°C雖降低合金硬度，但組織較粗大，能抵抗延性的破壞，因為W的含量較低(2.15%)，使得二次碳化物析出量較少，故二次碳化物之空孔也較少，顯示其較能抵抗脆性破壞，破裂路徑不明顯，僅在凹坑區，並無向下延伸之跡象。
為了使高鉻白口鑄鐵及多元合金白口鑄鐵之運用更為廣泛，相圖的建立有其必要性，因此本研究利用商用軟體Thermo Calc，繪製不同合金組成之高鉻白口鑄鐵及多元合金白口鑄鐵的相圖，同時以所設計合金，取樣進行熱分析(高溫DSC)，並藉由熱分析所量測之相變化溫度點，來與所模擬之相圖相互印證。模擬結果顯示：高鉻白口鑄鐵與多元合金白口鑄鐵之熱分析量測所得到之相變化溫度點與所模擬之相圖的相變化點是符合的。
關鍵字：高鉻白口鑄鐵、多元合金白口鑄鐵、相圖

This research studied the difference of wear resistance between high chromium white cast iron and multi-component white cast iron under two optimum conditions (including optimal alloy composition and optimal heat treatment) by using Pin-On-Disk wear test and solid particle erosion test. The composition of cast iron has a close relationship with its phase change of mold status and it directly influences its wear resistance and erosion properties.
The test results found that wear resistance of high chromium white cast iron has linear relationship with testing time. There were obvious scratching grooves on the surface of specimen and various sheared pits. The depth of pits is about 4.5~8.0 mm by observing its sub surface. Crack deformation path after quenching was observed clearly at the martensite crystalline grain boundaries .After tempering treatment, Toughness was increased by changing its state to tempered martensite. Tempered martensite has a better resistance toward the formation of crack. The deformation path occurs only along the martensite grain boundaries and has no any sign of spreading .On the other hand , the wear resistance of multi-component white cast iron showed non-linear relationship with testing time. There were obvious shallow scratches on the surface of specimen. The depth of pits is about 4.0 mm by observing its sub surface. After tempering (570¬oC) and erosion treatment, the hardness of alloy was lowered, however, the larger matrix, is able to resist ductile fracture. As the amount of tungsten (W) is low (2.15%), thus the amount of secondary carbide separated out is not much. It implies that the amount of hole on the surface of secondary carbide is smaller and able to resist brittle fracture. Therefore, no obvious deformation path was observed. The deformation path occurs only in crater region and has no any sign of spreading.
The establishment of phase diagram is important in expand the application scope of high chromium white cast iron and multi-component white cast iron. Thus , we have conducted high temperature differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) using a sample from our designated alloy and measured the temperature point of phase change using thermal analysis .The experimental results are also consistent with the simulation results by commercial software Thermo Calc.

Keywords：High chromium white cast iron, multi-component white cast iron, phase diagrams.

致謝 ii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vii
表目錄 xi
圖目錄 xii
第一章 前言 1
第二章 文獻回顧 2
2.1 高鉻白口鑄鐵 2
2.1.1前言 2
2.1.2合金元素之影響 3
2.1.3碳化物種類 5
2.1.4凝固組織 7
2.1.5熱處理製程 8
2.2 多元合金白口鑄鐵 9
2.2.1前言 9
2.2.2合金元素之影響 10
2.2.3碳化物種類 11
2.2.4凝固組織 13
2.2.5熱處理製程 14
2.3 磨耗破壞機制與影響因素 14
2.3.1刮磨磨耗 14
2.3.2沖蝕磨耗 15
2.3.2.1 沖蝕機制 15
2.3.2.1.1 切削 15
2.3.2.1.2 變形 17
2.3.2.1.3 疲勞 19
2.3.2.1.4 表面裂痕 19
2.3.2.2 影響沖蝕的因素 20
2.4 相圖原理與方法 22
2.4.1相圖定義 22
2.4.2相圖的發展歷程 22
2.4.3相圖的原理 23
2.4.4相圖的熱力學 26
2.4.5 Thermo-Calc. 程序 27
第三章 實驗設計與方法 43
3.1 耐磨耗性 43
3.1.1實驗設計 43
3.1.2顯微組織觀察與硬度分析 43
3.1.2.1顯微組織觀察 43
3.1.2.2碳化物體積分率計算 44
3.1.2.3殘留沃斯田鐵量分析 44
3.1.2.4硬度測試 44
3.1.3 Pin-on-Disk耐磨耗測試 44
3.1.4固體顆粒沖蝕磨耗試驗 44
3.1.4.1沖蝕試驗裝置 44
3.1.4.2沖蝕試驗參數 45
3.1.4.3沖蝕照相觀察 45
3.1.4.4沖蝕次表面觀察 45
3.2 相圖模擬 45
3.2.1實驗流程 45
3.2.2合金組成 45
3.2.3高溫DSC分析 46
3.2.4模擬 46
第四章 結果與討論 52
4.1 高鉻白口鑄鐵 52
4.1.1熱處理對顯微組織之影響 52
4.1.2合金成份對淬火後之顯微組織、硬度及沖蝕性之影響 53
4.1.2.1 淬火後對不同角度之沖蝕率與沖蝕深度之影響 53
4.1.2.2 固定Cr下，不同C含量之影響 53
4.1.2.3在共晶組成下，不同Cr/C比之影響 53
4.1.2.4在亞共晶組成下，不同Cr/C比之影響 54
4.1.2.5固定3%C與16%Cr下，Mo含量之影響 54
4.1.2.6固定2.6%C與26%Cr下，Mo含量之影響 54
4.1.3合金成份對回火後之顯微組織、硬度及沖蝕性之影響 54
4.1.3.1回火後對不同角度之沖蝕率與沖蝕深度之影響 54
4.1.3.2固定Cr下，不同C含量之影響 55
4.1.3.3在共晶組成下，不同Cr/C比之影響 55
4.1.3.4在亞共晶組成下，不同Cr/C比之影響 55
4.1.3.5固定3%C與16%Cr下，Mo含量之影響 55
4.1.3.6固定2.6%C與26%Cr下，Mo含量之影響 55
4.1.4熱處理對沖蝕率與沖蝕深度之影響 55
4.1.5不同回火溫度對硬度及沖蝕性之影響 56
4.2多元合金白口鑄鐵 56
4.2.1熱處理對顯微組織之影響 56
4.2.2硬度值 57
4.2.3合金成份對淬火態耐沖蝕性之影響 58
4.2.4合金成份及回火處理耐沖蝕性之影響 58
4.2.5沖蝕表面與次表面破壞形貌之觀察 59
4.3比較高鉻白口鑄鐵與多元合金白口鑄鐵之耐磨耗性 60
4.3.1刮磨特性 60
4.3.2沖蝕磨耗特性 61
4.4 相圖模擬 61
4.4.1 DSC熱分析 61
4.4.2相圖 61
第五章 結論 113
5.1 耐磨耗性 113
5.2 相圖模擬 114
參考文獻 115

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