臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

因應日益擴增的翻譯需求，集結群眾之力所產生之新興翻譯工作型態油然而生。群眾翻譯 (Crowdsourcing) 工作模式透過群眾參與並集結群體智慧，不僅可加速翻譯流程，更可為組織及企業省下為數可觀之金錢、降低翻譯成本。雖然群眾翻譯帶來之效益不在話下，但相較於專業譯者產出之譯文，群眾翻譯大多由志工熱情參與，因此翻譯品質之穩定性仍待商討。本論文以 TED Translators 為研究目標，探究群眾翻譯下之志工譯者互評及字幕編輯平台如何影響翻譯品質，進而探討探究群眾翻譯之翻譯現象。
本研究採用吉迪恩•圖里（Gideon Toury）提出之「描述性翻譯研究」（Descriptive Translation Study, DTS）描述譯者於翻譯行為中所做的決策並歸納出翻譯一致性。因此，本文採用三十篇 TED Talk 之英文及中文字幕，將分析的字幕對比業界之字幕翻譯常規，進而歸納出 TED Talk 字幕的規範（Norms）及現象（Phenomena），並且分析出字幕編輯平台及志工譯者互評制度對翻譯成果及品質之影響。
字幕翻譯分析結果顯示，TED Talk 字幕有五大現象：字幕不同步、字幕冗長、斷句位置不妥、標點符號不一致，以及使用註解。而背後的原因為志工譯者翻譯時傾向直譯，以求保留原文豐富的訊息，卻沒有運用字幕翻譯策略；或是因字幕編輯平台沒有提供斷句功能，而導致翻譯過長，造成螢幕自動切斷過長字幕；或者因譯者選擇錯誤的詞語斷句，導致字幕閱讀不流暢；抑或是譯者互評制度並未完善落實，而有標點符號不一致的現象。對比一般字幕翻譯，這些現象不應當作是錯誤，而應視為 TED 字幕翻譯獨特的規範及現象。這些現象是此研究對中文字幕翻譯結合群眾翻譯方向的主要貢獻，研究結果也可供未來群眾翻譯計劃之規劃參考。

Crowdsourcing translation is an emerging working model that has gained in popularity in recent years due to the increase in demand for translation services. The benefits of crowdsourcing translation are that it can increase the speed of the process and perhaps save money if translators are volunteers. However, the unstable quality of the texts produced by volunteer translators is one of the main negative effects that has often been noted by professionals. This study aims to investigate the phenomena of crowdsourcing translation by examining the TED Translators. TED Translators offers an example to show how TED refines its crowdsourcing translation process in terms of a review mechanism and subtitling platform.
The research method is based on the Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) approach, as proposed by Toury (1995), and this is used to investigate the norms and phenomena in TED Talk subtitle translation. Guidelines established by TED and existing subtitling conventions are incorporated to investigate the collected TED Talk subtitle translations. The data for this study are collected from TED Talks available on TED.com, translated from English to Chinese, during May 2009 to February 2012, with each talk lasting 12 to 18 minutes.
The data analysis shows that TED Talk subtitle translations tend to show five characteristics, which are non-linear translation, lengthy subtitles, improper line breaks, inconsistent punctuation and extra notes, in comparison with conventional subtitle translation. These factors are due to the volunteer translators preserving detailed information, not conforming to the TED guidelines, and the platform lacking certain necessary functions. These characteristics should not be seen as errors comparing with conventional subtitling; however, their distinctive characteristics may consider a norm or phenomena that show volunteer translation’s unique nature. From the analysis of TED Talk subtitle translation and the working process of TED Translators carried out in this work, volunteer translators and subtitling platform are the key elements in contributing to the quality work of TED Talk subtitle translation.

摘要………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………ii
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………iii
Table of Contents……………………………………………………iv
List of Tables…………………………………………………………vi
List of Figures………………………………………………………vii
List of Examples……………………………………………………viii
List of Abbreviations………………………………………………ix
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………1
1.1 Research Background………………………………………………1
1.2 Research Objectives and Questions …………………………3
1.3 Outline of the Thesis……………………………………………4
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………6
2.1 An Overview of Audiovisual Translation……………………6
2.2 Subtitling Studies...…………………………………………10
2.2.1 Review of Subtitling Studies………………………………11
2.2.2 Subtitling Conventions in Real Practice………………17
2.3 Fansubbing…………………………………………………………22
2.4 Crowdsourcing……………………………………………………28
Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY………………………………………………37
3.1 The Selection of Data…………………………………………37
3.2 TED Subtitling Platforms: dotSUB versus Amara…………39
3.3 TED Translators…………………………………………………44
3.4 Framework for Analysis…………………………………………49
3.4.1 Platform Issues………………………………………………51
3.4.2 Subtitle Issues………………………………………………55
Chapter 4 DATA ANALYSIS……………………………………………64
4.1 Synchronization.…………………………………………………64
4.2 Segmentation………………………………………………………69
4.3 Punctuation………………………………………………………79
4.4 Notes………………………………………………………………94
4.5 Subtitling Strategies…………………………………………98
Chapter 5 CONCLUSION………………………………………………103
5.1 Findings and Discussion………………………………………103
5.2 Significance and Limitations………………………………108
References……………………………………………………………111
Appendix 1: A List of 30 TED Talks for Data Analysis……121

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