臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在工業界量測流速與流量為一非常重要的項目。以往一般傳統接觸式及非接觸式的流量儀都會受到具有高溫、毒性、腐蝕、易燃等等環境的限制，使得適用的流體種類範圍狹窄，而且導致測量的不準確、不方便，再者有些高精密度的流量儀，其成本過高，維修費用也不便宜。因此由以上的考量，引發做本論文的動機。
本論文設計出的流量儀是針對明渠內的流體，採用的量測理論為互相關技術（Cross-Correlation Technique），此技術主要是找出兩組信號之間彼此的相關性。而本流量儀運作原理為，將兩組光學式感測器依流體流動方向，同軸依序架設在明渠上，並設定兩感測器之間的距離，因為流體的流動為連續性的，所以將兩感測器接收到的兩組資料做互相關函數運算，就可以得到兩組信號彼此相差的時間延遲，由於速度等於距離除以時間，因此流體的速度就可以計算出來。
本論文利用 8052 單晶片設計出非接觸式流量儀，設計成非接觸式的原因在於不會再受限於流體的性質影響，加上採用的互相關函數技術，也擺脫掉以往非接觸流量儀的缺點。本流量儀的優點除了避免會碰到上面所述的情形外，其可程式化的設計，免除了複雜的硬體電路設計，縮小了流量儀的體積，以及研發或是往後維修的成本，另外本流量儀達到了即時（Real Time）量測的目的，具有即時顯示流速的功能。在與個人電腦傳輸資料方面，可由個人電腦繪製出即時性的動態互相關函數曲線，以及流體速度與流量的顯示，這也方便使用者去驗證整個運算過程的正確性及觀察量測結果

In industry, flow velocities and volumes are both very important parameters, but it is not easy to be measured accurately. Traditional flowmeters have some limitations, such as high temperature, erosive, poison, inflammable environment. Hence, they are only used in certain types of fluid and may cause great inaccuracy or inconvenience. Moreover, highly accurate flowmeters are expensive in both price and maintenance. Consequently the motive of this dissertation is coming out.
The aim of this project is to measure flow velocity in open channel. The measurement theory is based on the Cross-Correlation Technique ,which calculates the relationship between two groups of signal. Two optical sensors are placed in line above the open channel and along the direction of flow. Because of the continuity of the flow, the time delay between the two received signals can be calculated by the cross-correlation function. The flow velocity can then be calculated by dividing distance by the time laterly.
The non-contative flowmeter using the cross-correlation technique can avoid the complexity caused by different fluid properties. A 8052 single chip is used in the circuit. This makes the other merits of the circuit. Programmable softwares in the chip are designed to replace complex hardware circuit, to minimize the size of the flowmeter, and to reduce the cost of the development and maintenance. Moreover, it can achieve real-time measurement and display of the velocity of the flow. The data can be transmited to the PC, the curves of cross-correlation function, flow velocity and volume are displayed on screen. It is very helpful in verifying the correction of calculation process and the results of measurement.

摘要..........................................................................................................I
目錄.........................................................................................................III
圖索引.....................................................................................................V
表索引...................................................................................................VIII
第一章緒論......................................................................................1-1
1.1引言....................................................................1-1
1.2文獻回顧............................................................1-4
1.3研究目標............................................................1-9
1.4論文結構............................................................1-11
第二章理論基礎..............................................................................2-1
2.1隨機資料的各種特性表示法............................2-1
2.2相關理論............................................................2-5
2.3互相關函數的應用............................................2-9
2.4相關性流量儀的介紹........................................2-10
2.5明渠流體的特性................................................2-12
第三章流量儀的硬體及軟體的設計..............................................3-1
3.1感應器的採用....................................................3-1
3.28052 微控制器的架構.......................................3-7
3.3外部 RAM 的擴充..............................................3-10
3.4A/D 轉換器的使用及介紹.................................3-11
3.5LCD 的使用方法................................................3-15
3.6ICL232的簡介及使用方法.................................3-17
3.7低通濾波器的採用.............................................3-19
3.8流量儀的整體硬體控制方塊圖及電路圖.........3-21
3.9程式的撰寫流程及注意事項.............................3-26
第四章流量儀的使用及操作介面...................................................4-1
4.1整個量測流量的系統架構.................................4-1
4.2LCD 的顯示及解說.............................................4-5
4.3與個人電腦連接的操作方式..............................4-7
4.4流量儀的使用操作流程......................................4-9
4.5流量儀的使用注意事項......................................4-10
第五章實驗及測試結果....................................................................5-1
5.1量測及驗證流速的方法......................................5-1
5.2量測結果的分析及比較......................................5-6
第六章結論及展望............................................................................6-1
6.1結論......................................................................6-1
6.2未來研究方向......................................................6-3
參考文獻..................................................................................................R-1
附錄一LCD 的相關資料...................................................................A-1
附錄二PIN 光二極體感測器的規格表............................................A-5
附錄三RS-232 9 腳接頭圖...............................................................A-7
附錄四本論文用到的 IC 腳位圖.....................................................A-8
附錄五本論文所撰寫的程式及註解..............................................A-12

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