臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的有四：（一）探討知覺運動動機氣候對自主性、勝任感的預測情形；（二）探討自主性、勝任感對運動動機的預測情形；（三）探討運動動機對滿足感、退出意圖的預測情形；（四）以徑路分析驗證本研究所提出的動機因果模式。本研究的參與者為參加九十一學年度全國高中籃球甲級聯賽預賽的球員，共發出316份問卷，剔除未全程參與者和漏答題數過多者，有效問卷共292份。其中男生171名、女121名，分別來自十六支男子球隊和十二支女子球隊，平均年齡17.08 ± 0.96歲。採用的量表包括知覺動機氣候量表、知覺勝任感量表、知覺關係感量表、運動動機量表、滿足感量表及退出意圖量表。研究結果顯示：在知覺動機氣候對自主性、勝任感的預測情形方面，精熟氣候與表現氣候能有效預測自主性，其中精熟氣候的預測力較高；精熟氣候與表現氣候能有效預測勝任感，其中精熟氣候的預測力較高。在自主性、勝任感對運動動機的預測方面，自主性、勝任感都是運動動機的預測變項，顯示當球員知覺到愈高的自主性及勝任感時，球員會傾向於自我決定程度較高的動機型態。其中自主性的預測力較勝任感高。在運動動機對滿足感、退出意圖的預測方面，運動動機能有效預測滿足感。顯示當球員傾向於自我決定程度較高的動機型態時，其知覺到滿足感會愈高。另外，運動動機負向預測退出意圖，表示當球員有較高的自我決定程度時，較不會萌生退出籃球運動的意圖。在知覺動機氣候透過自主性、勝任感影響運動動機，進而影響滿足感及退出意圖的因果模式驗證方面，精熟氣候是預測心理中介變項（自主性、勝任感）的重要預測變項。徑路分析的結果得知精熟氣候透過自主性、勝任感影響自我決定的動機，進而影響滿足感及退出意圖。顯示知覺到自己球隊是屬於精熟氣候愈高的球員，其自主性及勝任感也愈高，進而導致自我決定程度較高的動機，最後球員知覺到高度的滿足感，也較不容易萌生退出運動的意圖。此外，表現氣候也能預測自主性、勝任感，但其預測力皆比精熟氣候小。精熟氣候除透過自主性及勝任感影響動機外，亦能直接正向影響選手的滿足感及動機，而表現氣候亦能直接負向影響選手的動機。根據研究結果與討論，本研究亦針對提出運動訓練實際運用與未來研究提出建議。

The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of high school basketball players’ satisfaction and dropout intention by using the framework of self-determination theory. Participants were 292 high school student athletes (males=171, females=121) recruited from 16 men’s and 12 women’s basketball teams. The average age of participants was 17.08 ± 0.96 years. After receiving the informed consent, participants were requested to complete inventories assess perception of motivational climate, perceptions of autonomy and competence, motivation in sport, perception of satisfaction, and dropout intention in sport. The results indicate that (1) perceptions of autonomy and competence were significantly predicted by both mastery and performance climate. However, mastery climate had greater explained variance than performance climate. (2) Self-determined motivation was significantly predicted by perceptions of autonomy and competence. Specifically, basketball players perceived higher autonomy and competence tended to report higher degree of self-determined motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation). (3) Self-determined motivation positively predicted satisfaction and negatively predicted dropout intention. (4) The results of path analysis indicated that perceptions of autonomy and competence played as important mediators in terms of perceptions of motivational climate predicting self-determined motivation. In turn, self-determined motivation positively predicted satisfaction and negatively predicted dropout intention. In addition, perception of mastery climate had direct effects on satisfaction and self-determined motivation. On the other hand, perception of performance climate negatively predicted self-determined motivation directly. According to the results and discussion, the practical application and future research suggestions are provided

目錄
第壹章　緒　論----------------------------------------------------------1
第一節　研究動機--------------------------------------------------------1
第二節　研究目的--------------------------------------------------------9
第三節　研究問題--------------------------------------------------------9
第四節　名詞解釋-------------------------------------------------------9
第貳章　文獻探討-------------------------------------------------------13
第一節　自我決定理論---------------------------------------------------13
第二節　內在與外在動機階層模式-----------------------------------------18
第三節　自我決定與動機階層模式之相關研究-------------------------------21
第四節 研究假設-------------------------------------------------------27
第參章　研究方法-------------------------------------------------------28
第一節　研究架構-------------------------------------------------------28
第二節　研究對象-------------------------------------------------------29
第三節　研究工具-------------------------------------------------------30
第四節　實施步驟-------------------------------------------------------37
第五節　資料處理-------------------------------------------------------38
第肆章 研究結果-------------------------------------------------------39
第一節　基本描述統計和簡單相關-----------------------------------------39
第二節　知覺動機氣候對自主性、勝任感的預測情形-------------------------41
第三節　自主性、勝任感對運動動機的預測情形-----------------------------43
第四節　運動動機對滿足感及退出意圖的預測情形---------------------------44
第五節知覺動機氣候透過自主性、勝任感影響運動動機的因果模式----------46
第伍章 討論-----------------------------------------------------------48
第一節　知覺動機氣候對自主性、勝任感的預測情形-------------------------48
第二節　自主性、勝任感對運動動機的預測情形-----------------------------49
第三節　運動動機對滿足感及退出意圖的預測情形---------------------------50
第四節知覺動機氣候透過自主性、勝任感影響運動動機的因果模式----------51
第陸章 結論與建議-----------------------------------------------------53
第一節 結論-----------------------------------------------------------53
第二節 建議-----------------------------------------------------------54
參考文獻---------------------------------------------------------------57
附錄-------------------------------------------------------------------68
附錄一　知覺動機氣候量表-----------------------------------------------68
附錄二　運動動機量表---------------------------------------------------71
附錄三　自覺能力量表-------------------------------------------------------74
附錄四 自主性量表-----------------------------------------------------75
附錄五　滿足感量表-----------------------------------------------------76
附錄六 退出意圖量表---------------------------------------------------77
圖 目 錄
圖2-1　動機的八個型態--------------------------------------------------16
圖2-2　動機的順序圖----------------------------------------------------18
圖2-3　內在與外在動機的階層模式圖--------------------------------------20
圖3-1　研究架構圖------------------------------------------------------28
圖4-1　知覺動機氣候透過自主性、勝任感影響動機及結果變項之徑路分析------47
表 目 錄
表3-2　各校參與者的人數分配及相關背景資料------------------------------29
表3-3　運動動機量表預試因素分析摘要表----------------------------------33
表3-4 整體量表驗證性因素分析結果摘要表--------------------------------36
表4-1　全體參與者在各變項上的描述統計----------------------------------39
表4-2　各變項間的簡單相關矩陣------------------------------------------41
表4-3　以『自主性』為效標變項之逐步迴歸分析摘要表----------------------42
表4-4　以『勝任感』為效標變項之逐步迴歸分析摘要表----------------------43
表4-5　以『運動動機』為效標變項之逐步迴歸分析摘要表--------------------44
表4-6　以『滿足感』為效標變項之逐步迴歸分析摘要表----------------------45
表4-7　以『退出意圖』為效標變項之逐步迴歸分析摘要表--------------------45

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