臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究係應用虛擬電廠之概念，透過電力消費型態的改變以減少電力使用造成之環境衝擊，其中電力消費採用投入產出分析方法從最終需求之觀點加以探討，並以生命週期評估方法量化應用虛擬電廠策略在人體毒性、呼吸效應、光化學煙霧、陸域生態毒性、水域生態毒性、水體優養化、水體酸化與全球暖化八項環境衝擊項目可能造成之環境衝擊變化。
根據2008年電力投入產出分析之結果，目前產業用電量約占台灣總用電量81%，若進一步將產業電力耗用解構為家計消費、出口與其他需求三部分，其中出口用電量約占產業總電力耗用58%。另一方面，根據電力電力投入產出分析結果，台灣電力消費之關鍵產業為化學材料、紡織品、塑膠製品、紙漿紙及紙製品、非金屬礦物製品、鋼鐵、電力設備、化學製品、金屬製品、電腦電子與光學產品與電子零組件共11個產業部門。
根據目前台灣之電力消費現況，本研究透過用電效率提升與供電結構改變來作為虛擬電廠策略。首先在用電效率的部分，提升關鍵產業與非關鍵產業之用電效率30%，分別可減少產業總電力耗用約16.38%與13.62%；其次，針對關鍵產業改變供電結構，其中以燃氣汽電共生替換既有汽電共生系統供電可減少致癌人體毒性、呼吸效應、陸域生態毒性與水體酸化約9-17%之環境衝擊，而設置太陽能光電系統與微型風力發電機兩類分散式電力替換台電系統供電則可減少非致癌人體毒性、水域生態毒性、水體優養化約6-10%之環境衝擊，而上述之供電結構改變可減少光化學煙霧與全球暖化約7-9%之環境衝擊。整體而言，藉由改變電力消費型態之虛擬電廠策略的確可以減少因電力消費所造成之環境衝擊。

Virtual power plant (VPP) is contemplated in this research, which considers electricity supply and electricity final demand, to decrease the environmental impact by changing of the electricity consumption patterns. The electricity consumption varied with electricity final demand is analyzed by the electricity input-output analysis (EIOA), and the environment impact is quantified by life cycle assessment (LCA), including human toxicity (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic), respiratory, photochemical oxidation, terrestrial ecotoxicity, aquatic ecotoxicity, aquatic acidification, aquatic eutrophication and global warming.
According to EIOA in 2008, the electricity consumptions of industries account for 80% total electricity consumption in Taiwan, and the electricity consumptions of industries are provided to household consumption, export, and other demands. Export is the main demand, which accounts for 58% of the industrial electricity consumption. Besides, sensitive industries of electricity consumption in Taiwan are divided by EIOA into 11 industries, including chemical material, textiles mills, pulp paper and paper products, chemical products, plastic products, non-metallic mineral products, iron and steel, fabricated metal products, electronic parts & components, computers electronic & Optic Prod and electrical equipment.
Compared with EIOA in 2008, VPP is conducted in electricity strategy by adjusting electricity efficiency and electricity supply structure. On one hand, increasing 30% electricity efficiency in sensitive industries and insensitive industries reduce 16.38% and 13.62% industrial electricity consumption, respectively. On the other hand, electricity supply structure of sensitive industries is modified by using liquid nature gas (LNG) as an alternative fuel for the cogeneration system and installing decentralized generation system (DES). The fomer reduces 9-17% environmental impact in human toxicity (carcinogenic), respiratory, terrestrial ecotoxicity and aquatic acidification; the latter reduces 6-10% environmental impact in human toxicity (non-carcinogenic), aquatic ecotoxicity and aquatic eutrophication; and both reduce 7-9% environmental impact in photochemical oxidation and global warming. In summary, owing to reduction of environmental impact categorically, VPP is revealed enough as the electricity consumption pattern to decrease environmental impact.

口試委員審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
總目錄 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究目的 3
1.3研究內容與流程 4
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1虛擬電廠簡介 7
2.1.1虛擬電廠之概念 7
2.1.2虛擬電廠策略之應用 9
2.2能源流分析方法 18
2.2.1投入產出分析 19
2.2.2投入產出分析應用於電力消費 21
2.3生命週期評估方法應用 23
2.3.1生命週期評估 23
2.3.2生命週期評估應用於分散式電力系統 27
第三章 研究方法 31
3.1研究範疇 33
3.2電力流分析 34
3.2.1投入產出分析與電力乘數分析 36
3.2.2產業關聯分析 39
3.3環境衝擊評估 42
3.3.1 TWEnLCA簡介 42
3.3.2環境衝擊評估方法 44
3.4虛擬電廠策略分析 48
3.4.1策略分析背景 48
3.4.2分散式電力設置規劃 50
3.5研究限制 53
第四章 研究案例分析 55
4.1台灣地區電力流分析 55
4.1.1電力供需結構分析 55
4.1.2單位直接電力耗用與單位最終需求電力耗用 59
4.1.3最終需求電力耗用 62
4.1.4電力耗用關聯分析 66
4.2電力消費之環境衝擊評估 68
4.2.1供電系統之環境衝擊比較 68
4.2.2台灣電力消費環境衝擊 73
4.3虛擬電廠策略應用 77
4.3.1關鍵產業篩選 77
4.3.2用電效率提升造成之電力耗用差異 78
4.3.3供電結構變動之情境分析 80
第五章 結論與建議 99
5.1結論 99
5.2建議 101
參考文獻 103
附錄一 產業關聯部門定義 111
附錄二 產業經營統計資料 116
附錄三 台灣地區日照強度分布圖 118
附錄四 台灣地區50 m平均基本風速分布圖 119
附錄五 台灣地區50 m平均基本風速大於3 m/s之區域 120
附錄六 能源平衡表與產業關聯部門對照表 121
附錄七 產業於各縣市設置分散式電力之發電量比較 123
附錄八 供電系統之能資源耗用比較 125
附錄九 供電系統之環境衝擊比較 126
附錄十 供電系統於損害導向之衝擊比較 127
附錄十一 產業部門之各項環境衝擊 128
附錄十二 設置分散式電力之產業用電環境損害比較 130

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