臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在產業製作過程中，常使用大量揮發性有機物(volatile organic compound, VOCs)，其處理方法包括：物理處理法、化學處理法、生物處理法。本研究選用生物處理法，以單一填充濾料(造紙廠木屑)之滴濾式生物濾床處理排氣中之丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯PGMEA，具有改善傳統混合堆肥之生物濾床易阻塞、壓密及結塊等缺點，具設置操作成本較經濟之優點。
滴濾式生物濾床主體為0.8公分厚壓克力板，濾床主體高度為73公分，由六層正方形槽體組成，每層高度為8公分，內尺寸為40公分×40公分，其內以不植種之木屑作為濾料介質填充，木屑尺寸約為2×4公分，比表面積為220 m2/m3，濾床中每層填充高度為4公分，濾料總體積為38.4公升。
實驗期間為2012年7月24日至2014年4月28日，每週採集兩次氣樣分析VOC，和循環水pH值，每週採集一次固樣(濾料)及液樣(循環水)，進行VOC分析，探討空塔停留時間(EBRT)、體積有機負荷L (Organic loading)等對VOC去除率之影響。
研究結果顯示：(1)此造紙廠木屑為良好的濾床填充介質，保水性佳，為微生物良好載體，不易發生短流、壓密和結塊現象。(2)在L&;lt;60 g/m3h之範圍內，生物濾床對總VOC之平均去除率為78.9%；在L=70-500 g/m3h之範圍內，生物濾床對總VOC之平均去除率為81.6%。(3)廢氣排放量200-613 L/min，EBRT=3.8-11.5s，進氣濃度為2.30-809 mg/m3，有機負荷為0.7-306 g/m3h，總平均去除率可達96.8%。(4)添加保久乳及果糖有助於整體VOC去除率的提升，其COD:N:P為5000:5:1，其中化學需氧量(COD)為PGMEA質量換算；保久乳添加量為98 mL/m3 day，果糖添加量為66 g/m3.day。
在經濟評估方面，當滴濾式生物濾床之進氣流量為1000 Am3/min @27oC，進氣PGMEA濃度&;lt;120 mg/Am3，欲將去除率控制&;gt;80%以上，以每1,000 Am3排氣做計算，電力成本加上藥品成本合計為1.61 NTD/(103 Nm3)。

Industrial applications of organic solvents would emit large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmospheric environment. Biotreatment for air pollution control can generally be categorized as biofiter, biotrickling filter and bioscrubbing systems. This study armed to develop a biotrickling-biofilter packed only with wood chips for the removal of air-borne propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA). The wood chip biofilters could avoid the shortcomings of traditional media, such as compaction, drying, and breakdown, which lead to the performance failure of the biofilters.
The test biofilter was a six stage up-flow biofilter made of transparent acrylic resin for observation of the media during the test. The biofilter was packed with a total of 38.4 liters (160 cm sq.×4 cmH×6 stage) of wood chips for pulp manufacturing with an average size of around 2×4cm.
The investigation period was from July, 2012 to April, 2014. In the period, compositions of the VOCs in gas samples were anayzed by a gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) twice a week. At the gas-sampling time, pH of the trickled liquid from the media was detected. Effects of gas empty-bed-residence time (EBRT) and the volumetric loading (L) of PGMEA to the biofitration media on its removal efficiency were tested.
Results indicate that the wood chips is a suitable media for the attachment of biofilms for the degradation of PGMEA transferred from the influent gas stream. With a L of less than 60 g/m3h, 78.9% of the influent PGMEA could be removed, and with L in the range of 70-500 g/m3h, 81.6% of the influent PGMEA was removed. With EBRT of 3.8-11.5s, influent PGMEA concentrations of 2.30-809 mg/m3 and L of 0.7-306 g/m3h, 96.8% of the influent PGMEA could be removed. Inorganic nitrogen (ammonia N) and phosphorus (phosphate P) were also added to the filter at a ratio of COD:N:P of 5000:5:1, where COD is the chemical oxygen demand of the influent mass of PGMEA to the filter. In addition, milk and fructose were essential to a good and stable performance of the biotrickling-biofiltration for PGMEA removal. The suitable milk dosage was 98 mL/m3 day and the fructose dosage was 66 g/m3.day.
An economic analysis indicates that it costs 1.68 NTD for the removal of 80% of PGMEA in 103 Am3 (@27oC) of the gas with PGMEA concentrations of less than 120 mg/Am3.

論文審定書 i
謝誌 iii
摘要 v
Abstract vii
目錄 ix
圖目錄 xii
表目錄 xiv
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景及動機 1
1.2 研究目的及內容 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 VOCS定義及排放來源 3
2.2 VOCS之危害 4
2.3 VOCS控制技術 5
2.4 生物處理技術 9
2.4.1生物洗滌法 11
2.4.2生物滴濾塔法 11
2.5 生物濾床處理技術 11
2.6 影響生物濾床處理效能介紹 15
2.6.1濾料水份 15
2.6.2 濾料pH值 15
2.6.3 濾床溫度 16
2.6.4 營養鹽 16
2.6.5 微生物菌相 16
2.6.6 污染負荷 17
2.7 生物濾床處理技術相關文獻 17
2.8 國內相關研究文獻 21
2.8.1 以生物濾床去除PGMEA之可行性 21
2.8.2造紙木片濾料生物濾床(EBRT低於2.0秒)控制含低濃度PGMEA排氣(吳靜怡，2013) 22
2.8.3 以生物濾床處理排氣中之丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯(PGMEA) (彭筱婷，2005) 23
2.8.4 以生物濾床處理門窗廠排放之VOCs (張筱瑜，2013) 23
2.8.5 以生物濾床處理排氣中之異丙醇(IPA) (江欽文，2005) 24
2.8.6 以生物濾床處理模擬晶圓製程排氣(李尚娟，2006) 25
第三章 設備、材料及方法 27
3.1實驗設備 27
3.1.1生物濾床主體 28
3.1.2進氣系統 29
3.1.3 循環水營養鹽供給系統 30
3.2實驗材料 31
3.2.1濾料 31
3.2.2藥品 35
3.3實驗方法 36
3.3.1微生物之馴養 36
3.3.2 操作條件 37
3.4 生物濾床操作維護 40
3.5 採樣及分析 41
3.5.1 採樣設備及方法 41
3.5.2 分析儀器、方法及項目 41
第四章 結果與討論 45
4.1 濾床各項操作參數之影響 45
4.2 生物濾床PGMEA與PGME濃度及總去除率變化 48
4.3 生物濾床PGMEA濃度與去除率 56
4.4 排氣PGME產生量對生物濾床之影響 59
4.4.1 排氣PGME產生量與總去除率關係 59
4.5 營養鹽添加對生物濾床之影響 62
4.6 循環水、濾料濃度與出口VOC濃度變化 65
4.7 進出口氣體溫度變化 67
4.8 有機負荷對生物濾床之影響 69
4.8.1 有機負荷變化 69
4.8.2 有機負荷與去除率關係 73
4.9 生物濾床經濟評估(以進氣VOC濃度依實際值為設計基準) 77
第五章 結論與建議 81
5.1 結論 81
5.2 建議 83
參考文獻 85
附錄 91

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