臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究之目的是在實驗室以蚜蟲傳播矮南瓜黃化嵌紋病毒。以桃蚜與棉蚜試
驗獲毒前饑餓處理最適當時間、獲毒取食時間及接種取食時間，並探討影
響桃蚜與棉蚜及其它蚜蟲類傳播矮南瓜黃化嵌紋病毒之各項因子。結果顯
示以三隻無翅桃蚜試驗其最適當饑餓處理時間、獲毒取食時間及接種取食
時間，分別為2.5小時、2分鐘與24小時；以三隻無翅棉蚜試驗其最佳獲毒
前饑餓處理、獲毒取食時間及接種取食時間分別為1小時、1分鐘與24小時
可獲得最高傳播效率。測試獲毒後保持病毒時間，以單隻桃蚜與棉蚜作保
毒能力試驗結果分別可維持至24與8小時。以三隻桃蚜、棉蚜與酸糢蚜之
傳播效率分別為52.5%、37.5%及42.5%。酸糢蚜能傳播矮南瓜黃化嵌紋病
毒則為首次記錄。運用丙酮麻醉蚜蟲之技術收集蚜蟲之方法，利用在菸草
上與十字花科作物上採集蚜蟲平均可有效收集率為60%及85.9%的蚜蟲，用
毛筆挑取蚜蟲之方法平均可有效收集率為47.1%及76.7%的蚜蟲。桃蚜飼育
在蘿蔔與菸草上其傳毒率分別為57.5%與47.5%。以桃蚜與棉蚜作連續系列
傳毒試驗接種時間分別為30秒與2分鐘，結果顯示其可連續傳播1至3棵。
各齡期桃蚜均能傳播矮南瓜黃化嵌紋病毒。有翅型棉蚜之四齡若蚜及一、
三日齡成蚜之傳病率分別為10%、5%和12.5%與無翅型棉蚜分別為
27.5%、32.5%與32.5%，無翅型棉蚜傳播率較高，且有顯著差異。桃蚜和
酸蚜其有翅型均能有效傳播矮南瓜黃化嵌紋病毒。桃蚜在獲毒取食後移至
菸草與十字花科作物上取食，桃蚜在菸草上1小時與在十字花科作物上
經30分鐘後已失去傳播病毒能力。南瓜各品系之間以美國品種的玩具南
瓜(86.7%)與夏南瓜(74%)之感病率最高，綜合各品系之耐病程度如下:鳳
凰(42.5%)>吉祥(47.5%)>東昇(50%)>大吉(57.5%)>一品(60%)>夏南
瓜(74%)>玩具南瓜(86.7%)。不同罹病植株之株齡亦影響其傳病率，蚜蟲
自罹病第5天之植株上始可獲得病毒，其傳病率為12.5%，在罹病第10天植
株上獲毒後，傳病率最高為 52.5%，且自罹病第10日至第35日之南瓜上獲
毒者，均可維持在42.5%以上之高傳毒率。在罹病後30至35天之病毒來源
植株上，依不同葉片部位作接種源，以第2片罹病葉片之傳毒率為最高平
均達60%。

The objective of this study was to conduct aphids transmission
of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) by different aphids in
laboratory. The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, and
the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, were tested for the
optimum fasting periods, acquisition feeding periods, and
inoculation feeding periods of ZYMV. The factors affecting
transmission of ZYMV by green peach aphid and the cotton aphid
and other aphids were also demonstrated. In transmission
access, three wingless female of the green peach aphid were
tested, the results showed the optimum fasting periods, the
acquisition feeding periods and the inoculation feeding periods
of ZYMV were 2.5 hours, 2 mintues and 24 hours, respectively.
In transmission access with three wingless female of the cotton
aphid, the results indicated that the optimum fasting period,
acquisition feeding periods and inoculation periods were one
hour, one mintue, and 24 hours, respectively. The green peach
aphid and the cotton aphid were tested for retention periods of
ZYMV, the results showed that the transmission efficiency for
one aphid transmission were 24 hours and 8 hours, respectively.
Three aphids of the green peach aphid, the cotton aphid and
Aphis rumicis were tested for transmission of ZYMV, the
results show that the transmission efficiency were 52.5%, 37.5%
and 42.5%, respectively. A. rumicis is the first record for
the transmission of ZYMV.