臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要目的在於提出一考慮遮蔭或故障情況下之太陽光電模組陣列的最大功率追蹤演算法。所提太陽光電模組陣列之最大功率追蹤方法係建構於一改良型粒子群優化演算法之基礎上，其可使太陽光電模組陣列在發生遮蔭或故障時，針對多峰值之功率-電壓輸出特性曲線進行最大功率追蹤，藉以找到太陽光電模組陣列之真正最大功率點。首先，利用Solar Pro軟體進行SANYO公司所生產之HIP 2717太陽光電模組特性模擬，藉以取得該太陽光電模組在不同遮蔭比例下之開路電壓與短路電流數據，然後據此研製一太陽光電模組模擬器電路以模擬太陽光電模組遭受遮蔭時之特性。接著利用Pspice軟體模擬以此模擬器組成之不同太陽光電模組陣列組態在部份模組遭受遮蔭或故障時之特性曲線，並挑選出現雙峰值、三峰值及四峰值特性之情況，將其模擬資料以Matlab軟體進行傳統型與改良型之粒子群優化最大功率追蹤法之模擬性能比較，由模擬結果得知改良型之粒子群優化演算法具有較佳之性能。最後，本論文以PIC微控制器實現傳統型及所提之改良型粒子群優化演算法，以進行太陽光電模組陣列在遮蔭或故障下產生多峰值功率-電壓輸出特性曲線時之最大功率點追蹤。由實測結果證明所提改良型粒子群優化演算法具有較佳之追蹤響應速度及準確度。

The main purpose of this thesis is to propose a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for photovoltaic (PV) module array under considering the module shadow and fault. The proposed maximum power point tracking method is based on a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) method to reach the real maximum power point (MPP) with multi-peak power-voltage (P-V) output curve for PV module array under considering the module shadow and fault. At first, Solar Pro software is used to capture the parameters of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current for PV module array under different shadow conditions according to the HIP 2717 PV module. Accordingly, a module simulator circuit is made to implement the shadow conditions for PV module array under module shadow or fault. In addition, Pspice is used to pick up some simulation cases of 2-peaks, 3-peaks and 4-peaks of P-V curve under module shadow or fault for Matlab simulations to compare the MPPT performance between traditional PSO and modified PSO algorithms. As the simulation result, modified PSO algorithm performs performance well than the traditional PSO. Finally, a PIC microcontroller was adopted to implement the traditional PSO and modified PSO algorithm to carry out the MPPT with the multi-peak cases of P-V curve for the PV module array under module shadow or fault. The experimental results also verify that the modified PSO algorithm posses better tracking response and accuracy than traditional PSO method.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
致謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XII
第一章　簡介 1
1.1 研究背景及動機 1
1.2 研究目的及方法 2
1.3 論文大綱 3
第二章　太陽光電發電系統 5
2.1 前言 5
2.2 太陽光電模組之工作原理 5
2.3 太陽能電池之特性 6
2.4 傳統之太陽光電發電系統最大功率追蹤方法 12
2.4.1 電壓迴授法 12
2.4.2 定電壓法 12
2.4.3 功率迴授法 13
2.4.4 擾動觀察法 14
2.4.5 增量電導法 18
2.5 既有之智慧型太陽光電發電系統最大功率追蹤方法 21
第三章　太陽光電模組陣列之組接特性 25
3.1 前言 25
3.2 太陽光電模組模擬器之電路架構及工作原理 25
3.3 太陽光電模組之串並聯特性分析 29
3.3.1太陽光電模組之串聯特性 29
3.3.2太陽光電模組之並聯特性 29
3.4 太陽光電模組陣列之串並聯特性 30
3.4.1 無遮蔭及故障情形時之特性 30
3.4.2 有遮蔭或故障情形時之特性 31
第四章　應用粒子群優化演算法之最大功率追蹤法 38
4.1 前言 38
4.2 粒子群優化演算法 38
4.2.1 傳統粒子群優化演算法 38
4.2.2 所提具參數自動調整之粒子群優化演算法 40
4.3 PIC微控制器 41
4.4 太陽光電發電系統最大功率追蹤器之設計 44
4.5 以粒子群優化演算實現之最大功率追蹤器 50
第五章　模擬與實測結果 53
5.1 太陽光電模組陣列在正常工作情況下之模擬結果 53
5.2 太陽光電模組陣列在正常工作情況下之最大功率追蹤實測 55
5.3 太陽光電模組陣列有遮蔭或故障情況下之模擬結果 59
5.4 太陽光電模組陣列在有遮蔭或故障情況下之最大功率追蹤實測 68
第六章　結論 78
6.1 總結 78
6.2 未來研究方向 78
參考文獻 80
作者簡歷 84

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