臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本實驗目的為探討飼料中添加不同含量的色素或藻類對檸檬慈鯛體表呈色之影響。且利用色卡比色、數位影像擷取軟體(DIPA)和分光光度計之方法來進行實驗分析。實驗一：含葉黃素類0、5、10、15、20和25 mg/kg的飼料投餵檸檬慈鯛八週後，實驗結果增重率以餵食含15 mg/kg的檸檬慈鯛有最高值(215.12%)，顯著高於餵食含25 mg/kg組(167.91%)，與其他各組間無顯著差異。魚體組織中葉黃素類含量在表皮為20.63至25.75 mg/kg；魚鰭部分為20.90至39.52 mg/kg；肌肉部分為0.65至1.05 mg/kg。數位影像擷取軟體，在第八週0至25 mg/kg組表皮L*和a*值各組間無顯著差異；在20和25 mg/kg組表皮b*值、C*值和H*值無顯著差異，分別為44.76~45.00；46.62~46.84；73.44~73.94，但顯著高於控制組。第八週組織葉黃素類保留率部分，表皮為6.73~18.06%、魚鰭為5.24~12.86%和肌肉為0.43~1.05%。實驗二：含0、25、50、75和100 mg/kg葉黃素及0、25、50、75和100 mg/kg角黃素的飼料投餵檸檬慈鯛，實驗為期四週，實驗結果顯示增重率各組間無顯著差異。魚體組織中葉黃素類含量在表皮為32.14至56.90 mg/kg；魚鰭部分為54.81至140.98 mg/kg；肌肉部分為0.59至2.35 mg/kg。數位影像擷取軟體部分，第四週0至100 mg/kg組表皮L*、a*和H*值各組間無顯著差異；餵食50至100 mg/kg組表皮b*值和C*值在各處理組之間無顯著差異，分別為52.00~54.67；54.52~55.90，但顯著高於控制組。第四週組織葉黃素類保留率部分，表皮為4.53~20.18%、魚鰭為3.61~14.52%和肌肉為0.13~1.20%。實驗三：含0、30、70 mg/kg類胡蘿蔔素之螺旋藻及綠藻粉的飼料投餵檸檬慈鯛，實驗為期四週，實驗結果增重率各組間無顯著差異。魚體組織總類胡蘿蔔素含量在表皮為21.97至44.79 mg/kg；魚鰭部分為44.66至98.90 mg/kg；肌肉部分為0.61至2.55 mg/kg。數位影像擷取軟體部分，在第四週0至70 mg/kg組表皮L*、a*和H*值各組間無顯著差異；在70 mg/kg組表皮b*值和C*值在各處理組之間無顯著差異，分別為48.00~49.00；50.51~51.88，但顯著高於控制組。第四週組織類胡蘿蔔素保留率部分，表皮為6.00~13.37%、魚鰭為7.08~10.93%和肌肉為0.20~0.44%。三個實驗以飼料含葉黃素或角黃素餵食檸檬慈鯛有最佳呈色的效果，而在餵食含葉黃素的組別有最大的黃色色相值。

This study evaluated the effects of different dietary pigments or algae levels on the skin coloration of lemon cichlid. Moreover, the color chip (PANTONE○R formula guide solid uncoated), digital image acquisition and processing (DIAP) and concentrations of xanthophyll or carotenoids of tissue were used to estimate the color of fish in the present study. In experiment I, Lemon cichlid were fed diets supplemented 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/kg xanthophyll for eight weeks. The results demonstrated lemon cichlid fed 15 mg/kg xanthophyll showed a significantly higher weight gain (215.12%) than those fed diet supplemented 25 mg/kg (167.91%) xanthophyll. However, the concentrations of xanthophyll of skin、fin and muscle of fish ranged from 20.63 to 25.75 mg/kg, 0.90 to 39.52 mg/kg and 0.65 to 1.05 mg/kg, respectively. The values of L* and a* of skin were not significantly different among treatment groups. The values of b*, C* and H* of fish skin fed diets supplemented 20 and 25 mg/kg ranged from 44.76 to 45.00、46.62 to 46.84 and 73.44 to 73.94, respectively and significantly higher than those of control treatment. The xanthophyll retention rates (%) in skin、fin and muscle ranged from 6.73% to 18.06%、5.24% to 12.86% and 0.43% to 1.05%, respectively. In experiment II, Lemon cichlid were fed diets supplemented 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg lutein and supplemented 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg canthaxanthin for four weeks. The results demonstrate that weight gain of cichlid were not significantly different among treatment groups. However, the concentrations of xanthophyll of skin、fin and muscle of fish ranged from 32.14 to 56.90 mg/kg, 54.81 to 140.98 mg/kg and 0.59 to 2.35 mg/kg, respectively. The values of L*, a* and H* of skin were not significantly different among treatment groups. The values of b* and C* of fish skin fed diets supplemented 50 to 100 mg/kg ranged from 52.00 to 54.67 and 54.52 to 55.90, respectively and significantly higher than those of control treatment. The xanthophyll retention rates (%) in skin、fin and muscle ranged from 4.53% to 20.18%, 3.61% to 14.52% and 0.13% to 1.20%, respectively. In experiment III, Lemon cichlid were fed diets supplemented with Spirulina and Chlorella powder containing 0, 30 and 70 mg/kg carotenoids for four weeks. The results demonstrated that weight gain of cichlid was not significantly different among treatment groups. However, the concentrations of carotenoids of skin、fin and muscle of fish ranged from 21.97 to 44.79 mg/kg, 44.66 to 98.90 mg/kg and 0.61 to 2.55 mg/kg, respectively. The values of L*, a* and H* of skin were not significantly different among treatment groups. The values of b* and C* of fish skin fed diets supplemented 70 mg/kg ranged from 48.00 to 49.00 and 50.51 to 51.88, respectively and significantly higher than those of control treatment. The carotenoids retention rates (%) in skin、fin and muscle ranged from 6.00% to 13.37%, 7.08% to 10.93% and 0.20% to 0.44%, respectively. For lemon cichlid the best colouring obtained, was achieved using lutein or canthaxanthin, and yellow hue was maximum when using lutein.

謝辭 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 V
List of Tables VII
List of Figures IX
前言 1
文獻整理 3
檸檬慈鯛 3
色素細胞(Chromatophpres) 4
類胡蘿蔔素(Carotenoids) 5
藻類(Algea) 7
材料與方法 8
實驗動物 8
實驗設計 8
實驗飼料備製 9
魚隻採樣 9
一般成分分析 9
類胡蘿蔔素含量分析 10
HPLC分析條件 11
比色方法 11
色彩參數 12
成長參數和色素保留率 12
統計分析 12
結果 13
實驗一 13
實驗二 14
實驗三 16
討論 19
飼料中添加藻類及不同色素對檸檬慈鯛成長之影響 19
飼料中添加藻類及不同色素對檸檬慈鯛組織色素含量之影響 19
飼料中添加藻類及不同色素對魚體表色彩參數之影響 21
飼料中添加藻類及不同色素含量對檸檬慈鯛體表色卡比色之影響 24
飼料中添加藻類及不同色素含量對檸檬慈鯛組織色素保留率之影響 25
飼料和組織色素濃度及組織色素濃度和色彩參數之相關性 26
結論 27
參考文獻 28
表 39
圖 63
附錄 74

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