臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究於2009年6、12月及2010年12月間進行三個航次(CR1641, CR1692, CR1769)之現場探測，以4組不同網目大小之Bongo net和溫深鹽度計進行仔稚魚樣本的採集和水文觀測，並以群集分析來探討東海南部水域夏冬季仔稚魚群聚結構變化。
結果顯示，在水文資料方面，2009年6月的水溫範圍在17.08℃到27.86℃之間，鹽度範圍在32.29psu到34.63psu之間；2009年12月的水溫範圍在14.64℃到22.74℃之間，鹽度範圍在30.08psu到34.64psu之間；2010年12月的水溫範圍在16.21℃到23.60℃之間，鹽度範圍在29.92psu到34.66psu之間。
本研究期間共採集2317尾仔稚魚，分屬於74科145類，夏冬季之主要優勢種有明顯不同，夏季主要優勢物種為Decapterus spp. (26.7%)、SCIAENIDAE spp. (11.3%)、Auxis spp. (6.7%)；2009年冬季主要優勢物種為Trichiurus lepturus(17.1%)、Gonostoma gracile (12.4%)、Lampadena spp.(8.6%)；2010年冬季主要優勢物種為Trichiurus lepturus(12.3%)、Bregmaceros spp.(7.2%)、Gonostoma gracile (5.1%)；在仔稚魚豐度方面，夏季為1279.57 ± 380.78 inds./1000m3，2009年冬季為234.56 ± 261.76 inds./1000m3，2010年冬季為224.42 ± 216.71 inds./1000m3，以夏季較高、冬季較低，且兩季間之仔稚魚採集豐度與種類組成具有顯著差異(p < 0.05)。
各網目間仔稚魚之優勢物種並不相同，網目為200μm、330μm及500μm之優勢物種以Decapterus spp. 、SCIAENIDAE spp. 及Auxis spp. 為主，而1000μm之優勢物種則以Decapterus spp. 、SCIAENIDAE spp. 、BOTHIDAE spp. 為主。豐度變化則以網目200μm之仔稚魚採集豐度最高，1000μm最低，且各網目間之仔稚魚採集豐度與種類組成具有顯著差異(p < 0.05)。
在多樣性指數方面，歧異度指數及豐富度指數以夏季較高，而均勻度指數則以冬季較高；在不同網目差異上，以網目為330μm的歧異度指數及豐富度指數最高，而1000μm最低，網目為1000μm的均勻度指數最高，而200μm則最低。
在仔稚魚群集特性方面，依測站分群結果大致可分成夏季及冬季兩群，而在物種分群方面，可將物種大致分成A~D四群：A群為夏冬季皆出現但以冬季較多之物種類群、B群為出現在冬季之物種類群、C群為夏冬季皆出現且出現數量平均之物種類群、D群為出現在夏季之物種類群。其中A群之物種有Schindleria spp. 、 Trichiurus lepturus 、 Bregmaceros spp.；B群之物種有Lampadena spp. 、 Myctophum asperum 、 Gonostoma gracile；C群之物種有SCORPAENIDAE spp. 、Diaphus A group 、MUGILIDAE spp. 、Benthosema pterotum；D群之物種有SCIAENIDAE spp.、 Decapterus spp. 、 Cynoglossus joyneri及Auxis spp.。
綜上所述，夏冬兩季之仔稚魚種類組成與空間分布差異大，而夏季之優勢物種在各測站中皆有分布；而冬季之優勢物種則主要分布在水溫及鹽度較高之離岸測站較多，可能與黑潮流勢大小有關。

This study was carried out in three cruise in June , December 2009 and December 2010 on the board of the “ Ocean Research II ” for understanding the factual distribution of the fish larvae assemblage during the winter and summer time in the Southern East China Sea.
The range of water temperature was varied from 17.08℃ to 27.86℃ in June 2009 , from 14.64℃ to 22.74℃ in December 2009, and from 16.21℃ to 23.60℃ in December 2010. The range of water salinity was from 32.39psu to 34.63psu in June 2009, from 30.08psu to 34.64psu in December 2009, and from 29.92psu to 34.66psu in December 2010.
Total numbers of 2,317 larvae were collected from 27 stations, and 145 taxa contributing to 74 families were identified. The most dominant species in summer were Decapterus spp. (26.7%), SCIAENIDAE spp. (11.3%), and Auxis spp. (6.7%). The most dominant species in winter 2009 were Trichiurus lepturus (17.1%), Gonostoma gracile (12.4%), and Lampadena spp. (8.6%), and the most dominant species of winter in 2010 were Trichiurus lepturus (12.3%), Bregmaceros spp. (7.2%), and Gonostoma gracile (5.1%). In addition, the abundances of larval fish were 1279.57 ± 380.78 inds./1000m3, higher during summer than 234.56 ± 261.76 inds./1000m3 and 224.42 ± 216.71 inds./1000m3 during winter. By the ANOVA test, the species composition and abundances of larval fish in both season and mesh size were significant difference(p&lt;0.05).
For the diversity, Shannon diversity and richness index were higher in summer, while evenness index were higher in winter. For the difference in the mesh size, Shannon diversity and richness index were highest in the mesh of 330μm, and evenness index were highest in the mesh of 1000μm.
All the stations could be divided into summer and winter group. Four groups(A~D) were divided by the two-way cluster analysis. The A group species were included Schindleria spp., Trichiurus lepturus and Bregmaceros spp. while is dominated in winter, but fewer in summer. The B and D group species dominated in winter and summer, respectively were included Lampadena spp., Myctophum asperum and Gonostoma gracile, and SCIAENIDAE spp., Decapterus spp., Cynoglossus joyneri and Auxis spp.. The C group species were widely distributed included SCORPAENIDAE spp., Diaphus A group, MUGILIDAE spp. and Benthosema pterotum in summer and winter.
It suggested that the spatial distribution of larval fish in summer was widely distributed, while it was aggregated and possibly influenced by Kuroshio current in winter.

目錄

目錄 --------------------------------------------------- I
表目錄 ------------------------------------------------ IV
圖目錄 ------------------------------------------------ V
摘要 ------------------------------------------------- VII
Abstract ----------------------------------------------- X
壹、 前言 --------------------------------------------- 1
貳、 材料與方法 --------------------------------------- 9
一、 實驗測站及仔稚魚生物採集 -------------------------- 9
1. 採樣時間與地點 ----------------------------------- 9
2. 仔稚魚樣本採集和水文環境資料 --------------------- 9
二、 生物樣本與水文資料處理與分析 --------------------- 10
1. 水文環境資料 ------------------------------------- 10
2. 仔稚魚樣本鑑定 ---------------------------------- 10
三、 資料分析 ----------------------------------------- 12
1. 仔稚魚豐度計測 ---------------------------------- 12
2. 豐富度指數 -------------------------------------- 13
3. 歧異度指數 --------------------------------------- 14
4. 均勻度指數 -------------------------------------- 14
5. 群集分析 ---------------------------------------- 15
參、 結果 ------------------------------------------- 16
一、 水文環境特性 ------------------------------------ 16
二、 仔稚魚之豐度變化及發育階段比較 ------------------ 17
1. 夏季及冬季之豐度變化 ---------------------------- 17
2. 不同網目大小採樣豐度之差異 ---------------------- 18
三、 仔稚魚種類組成 ----------------------------------- 19
1. 夏季及冬季之種類組成 ---------------------------- 19
2. 不同網目大小之種類組成 -------------------------- 21
四、 多樣性指數 --------------------------------------- 22
1. 夏季及冬季之多樣性指數 -------------------------- 22
2. 不同網目大小之生物多樣性指數 -------------------- 23
五、 仔稚魚群聚結構 ----------------------------------- 24
肆、 討論 ------------------------------------------- 26
一、 水文環境 ---------------------------------------- 26
二、 魚種豐度、組成與多樣性指數變動 ------------------- 28
1. 魚種豐度、組成與多樣性指數變動 ------------------- 28
2. 網目大小對魚種豐度、組成與多樣性指數之影響 ------- 30
三、 魚種分布之探討----------------------------------- 32
伍、 結論 ------------------------------------------- 37
謝辭 ------------------------------------------------- 40
參考文獻 ------------------------------------------------- 41
表--------------------------------------------------- 51
圖---------------------------------------------------- 85

表目錄

Table 1 各航次測站之地理位置、採樣時間及採樣深度 --------- 51
Table 2 夏冬兩季間之仔稚魚豐度檢定 ----------------------- 53
Table 3 夏季不同網目間之仔稚魚豐度檢定 ------------------- 54
Table 4 各航次各測站(200μm)之仔稚魚種類組成百分比 ------- 55
Table 5 各航次各測站(330μm)之仔稚魚種類組成百分比 ------- 63
Table 6 各航次各測站(500μm)之仔稚魚種類組成百分比 ------- 71
Table 7 各航次各測站(1000μm)之仔稚魚種類組成百分比 ------ 78
Table 8 夏冬兩季間之物種種類組成檢定 --------------------- 83
Table 9 夏季不同網目間之物種種類組成檢定 ----------------- 84

圖目錄

Fig.1 本研究之採樣區域及測站 --------------------------- 85
Fig.2 Bongo net 示意圖(網目大小分別為200μm、330μm、500μm
及 1000μm) ------------------------------------- 86
Fig.3 仔稚魚各發育階段之區分及其外部形態特徵 ----------- 87
Fig.4 夏冬季航次(CR1641、CR1692及CR1769)各測站間之T-S
diagram ---------------------------------------- 88
Fig.5 2009年夏季航次(CR1641)各測站之溫鹽垂直剖面圖 ----- 89
Fig.6 2009年冬季航次(CR1692)各測站之溫鹽垂直剖面圖 ----- 90
Fig.7 2010年冬季航次(CR1769)航次各測站之溫鹽垂直剖面圖 - 91
Fig.8 2009年6月18日、12月23日及2010年12月22日之日別
表水溫影像圖 ------------------------------------ 92
Fig.9 夏冬季航次(CR1641、CR1692及CR1769)測站間之仔稚魚豐
度圖 ------------------------------------------- 93
Fig.10 夏冬季航次(CR1641、CR1692及CR1769)測站間之仔稚魚成
長階段 ----------------------------------------- 93
Fig.11 2009年夏季航次(CR1641)各測站網目間之仔稚魚豐度圖 - 94

Fig.12 2009年夏季航次(CR1641)各測站網目間之仔稚魚成長階段
------------------------------------------------ 94
Fig.13 2009年夏季航次(CR1641)仔稚魚優勢魚種組成百分比 --- 95
Fig.14 2009年冬季航次(CR1692)仔稚魚優勢魚種組成百分比 --- 95
Fig.15 2010年冬季航次(CR1769)仔稚魚優勢魚種組成百分比 --- 96
Fig.16 2009年夏季航次(CR1641)不同網目之仔稚魚數量百分比 - 96
Fig.17 夏冬季航次(CR1641、CR1692及CR1769)測站間之歧異度、均勻度及豐富度指數示意圖 ----------------------- 97
Fig.18 2009年夏季航次(CR1641)各測站網目間之歧異度、均勻度及
豐富度指數示意圖 ------------------------------- 98
Fig.19 夏冬季共27個測站之群集分析(Cluster analysis)示意圖(S代
表夏季，W1代表2009年冬季，W2代表2010年冬季) - 99
Fig.20 夏季及冬季之群集分析(Cluster analysis)示意圖(S代表夏季，
W1代表2009年冬季，W2代表2010年冬季) ------ 100
Fig.21 夏冬兩季優勢物種之two-way join cluster 示意圖 --- 101
Fig.22 黑潮與大陸沿岸流水溫鋒面之年間變動示意圖 -------- 102

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