臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於無線頻寬有限，因此無法同時降低新通話阻塞率及交遞丟失率。一般而言，使用者較不能忍受通話中斷的產生，因此，如果我們可以將通話中斷率維持在一定水準之下，同時不會大幅增加新通話阻塞，也就是有效率的使用有限的頻寬，如此一來便能提高通訊的服務品質。降低通話中斷率的方法之一，便是預測使用者下一個將要移動前往的細胞，並在下一個目標細胞中保留足夠的頻寬供其使用，如此一來當使用者移入時，便不會因為頻寬不足而造成通話中斷。過去也有不少關於移動方向預測的研究，但所提出的方法不是需要複雜的機率計算，就是需要記錄大量的歷史資料，而本研究所提出的方法只需簡單的計算以及記錄少量的歷史資料，來達成較佳的成本及效益比。本研究所提出的預測方式是將使用者的移動模式及細胞之間的交流模式記錄下來，經由用戶的移動路徑圖或細胞間的交流模式求得移往下一個目標細胞的條件機率，目標細胞以此條件機率計算所需保留的頻寬供將來可能移入的用戶使用。經由動態的調整保留給交遞使用之頻寬，我們可以將交遞丟失率維持在目標值以下，同時能有效率的使用有限的頻寬，進而提升服務品質。

There are many way to lower handoff drop rate, one of them is prediction. If we can predict the next cell which people will move in, we could preserve bandwidth for him or her, when people move in that cell, the phone call will not drop because of bandwidth reservation. Many people had develop their method to predict the user moving direction, but most of them use sophisticate stochastic processes or they need record huge data to complete the job. We are trying to use simple calculation and a little extract data to predict the user moving direction. What we are trying to do is using less cost to achieve the same, even better performance. Our prediction method keeps track of user mobility patterns and traffic patterns between cells. With the easy path comparing, we can derivate condition probability and the next target cell, the target cell will informed to reserve bandwidth basis of this probability. Through adjusting the reserved bandwidth dynamically, we could maintain the handoff drop rate under target value, mean while, using bandwidths efficiently and improving the quality of services.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 3
第三節 預期之成果 4
第四節 研究貢獻 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節 蜂巢式（CELLULAR）通訊系統 6
第二節 位置管理（LOCATION MANAGEMENT） 11
第三節 通話交遞（HANDOFF） 19
第四節 移動方向預測（MOBILE MOTION PREDICTION，MMP） 21
第五節 頻寬保留（BANDWIDTH RESERVATION）以及通話允許控制（CALL ADMISSION CONTROL，CAC） 24
第三章 系統模型 27
第一節 系統概述 27
第二節 MS的移動模式圖及細胞細胞交流模式陣列資料結構 30
第三節 MS BASED移動預測 33
第一項 歷史資料累積 33
第二項 預測機制 34
第四節 CELL BASED移動預測 36
第一項 歷史資料累積 36
第二項 預測機制 37
第五節 頻寬保留（BANDWIDTH RESERVATION）以及通話允許控制（CALL ADMINISTRATION CONTROL，CAC） 39
第四章 系統模擬與結果分析 43
第一節 系統環境及參數 43
第一項 系統環境及基地台 43
第二項 手機用戶及路徑 45
第三項 其它設定 46
第二節 結果分析 46
第五章 結論 57
第一節 結論 57
第二節 研究限制 57
第三節 未來研究方向 58
【參考文獻】 60

[1]. Akyildiz, I.F.; McNair, J.; Ho, J.S.M.; Uzunalioglu, H.; Wenye Wang‚“Mobility Management for Next Generation Wireless Systems”‚Processdings of IEEE‚Vol. 87‚Issue 8‚Aug. 1999‚1347-1384.
[2]. Aljadhai, A.; Znati, T.F.;“Predictive mobility support for QoS provisioning in mobile wireless environments”, Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , Volume: 19 Issue: 10 , Oct. 2001, pp. 1915 — 1930.
[3]. Chen, Ruiliang; Zhou, Xin; Zheng, Feng; Gao, Chuanshan;“A distributed algorithm enhancing the connection quality and bandwidth utilization in wireless cellular networks”, Computer Networks and Mobile Computing, 2001. Proceedings. 2001 International Conference on , 16-19 Oct. 2001, pp. 79 — 84.
[4]. Chiu, Ming-Hsing; Bassiouni, M.A.;“Predictive schemes for handoff prioritization in cellular networks based on mobile positioning”, Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , Volume: 18 Issue: 3 , Mar. 2000, pp. 510 -522.
[5]. Choi, Sunghyun. ; Shin, Kang G.. ;“Adaptive bandwidth reservation and admission control in QoS-sensitive cellular networks”, Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 13 Issue: 9 , Sept. 2002, pp. 882 — 897.
[6]. Clayirci, E.; Akyildiz, I.F.;“User Mobility Pattern Scheme for Location Update and Paging in Wireless Systems”, Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 1, Issue: 3 , July-Sept. 2002, pp. 236-247.
[7]. Elnahas, Amal; Adly, Noha;“Location management techniques for mobile systems”, Information Sciences, Elsevier Science, Volume: 130, Issue: 1-4, Dec. 2000, pp. 1-22
[8]. Harte, Lawrence; Kikta, Roman; Levine, Richard;“3G Wireless Demystified”‚McGraw-Hill‚1st ed.‚2002.
[9]. Hoang, Nguyen Minh; Harmen, R. van As;“User profile replication with caching for distributed location management in mobile communication networks”, Proceedings of the 2001 ACM symposium on Applied computing, 2001. ACM, pp. 381 -386.
[10]. Hutchens, Ruston. ; Singh, Samar. ;“Bandwidth reservation strategies for mobility support of wireless connections with QoS guarantees”, Australian Computer Science Communications , Proceedings of the twenty-fifth Australasian conference on Computer science - Volume 4, Australian Computer Society, Volume 24 Issue 1, Jan. 2002, pp. 119 — 128.
[11]. Jain, R.; Lin, Yi-Bing;“An auxiliary user location strategy employing forwarding pointers to reduce network impacts of PCS”, Communications, 1995. ICC 95 Seattle, Gateway to Globalization, 1995 IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 2 , 18-22 June 1995, pp. 740 -744.
[12]. Jain, R.; Lin, Yi-Bing; Lo, C.; Mohan, S.;“A caching strategy to reduce network impacts of PCS”, Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , Volume: 12 Issue: 8 , Oct. 1994, pp. 1434-1444.
[13]. Levine, D.A.; Akyildiz, I.F.; Naghshineh, M.;“A resource estimation and call admission algorithm for wireless multimedia networks using the shadow cluster concept”, Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions, Volume: 5 Issue: 1 , Feb. 1997, pp. 1 - 12.
[14]. Lim, K.Y.; Kumar, M.; Das, S.K.;“Message ring-based channel reallocation for cellular wireless networks”, Computer Communications, Elsevier Science, Volume: 23, Issue: 5-6, March 1, 2000, pp. 483-498.
[15]. Lin, Yi-Bing;“Signaling System Number 7”, Potentials, IEEE , Volume: 15 Issue: 3 , Aug.-Sept. 1996, pp. 5-8.
[16]. Liu, George. ; Maguire, Gerald. ;“A class of mobile motion prediction algorithms for wireless mobile computing and communication”, Mobile Networks and Applications archive, ACM, Volume 1, Issue 2, Oct. 1996, pp. 113-121.
[17]. Ma, Wenchao; Fang, Yuguang;“Location management employing two-level forwarding pointers in PCS networks”, Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM ''02. IEEE , Volume: 2 , Nov 17 - 21, 2002, pp. 1653 -1657.
[18]. Makki, S. ;“Tracking highly mobile users using replicated databases”‚Computer Communications Volume: 23, Issue: 10, May 1, 2000, pp. 975-979.
[19]. Pati, H.K.; Mall, R.; Sengupta, I.;“An efficient bandwidth reservation and call admission control scheme for wireless mobile networks”, Computer Communications, Elsevier Science, Volume: 25, Issue: 1, Jan. 1, 2002, pp. 74-83.
[20]. Pubudu N. ; Pathirana, Andrey V.; Savkin, Sanjay Jha.;“Mobility modeling and trajectory prediction for cellular networks with mobile base stations”, International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, ACM, June. 2003, pp. 213 - 221.
[21]. Safa, Haidar; Pierre, Samuel; Conan, Jean;“An efficient location management scheme for PCS networks”Computer Communications, Elsevier Science, Volume: 24, Issue: 14, Sept. 15, 2001, pp. 1355-1369.
[22]. Safa, Haidar; Pierre, Samuel; Conan, Jean;“Evaluating location management schemes for third generation mobile networks”‚Computer Communications, Elsevier Science, Volume: 25, Issue: 18, Dec. 1, 2002, pp. 1711-1718.
[23]. Sue, Kuen-Liang; Tseng, Chien-Chao;“One-step pointer forwarding strategy for location tracking in distributed HLR environment”, Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , Volume: 15 Issue: 8 , Oct. 1997, pp. 1455 -1466.
[24]. Wilson, D.R.;“Signaling System No.7, IS-41 and cellular telephony networking”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Volume: 80 Issue: 4, April 1992, pp. 644 -652.
[25]. Yu, Fei.; Leung, Victor.;“Mobility-based predictive call admission control and bandwidth reservation in wireless cellular networks”, Computer Networks, Elsevier Science, Volume: 38, Issue: 5, April 5, 2002, pp. 577-589.
[26]. Ziv, J.; Lempel, A.;“Compression of individual sequences via variable-rate coding”, Information Theory, IEEE Transactions, Volume: 24 Issue: 5 , Sept. 1978, pp. 530-536.
[27]. 沈士豪，「無線系統之階層式位置管理研究」，中山大學資訊管理研究所碩士論文，民國87年。
[28]. 何定為，「衛星與行動通訊在商業之應用」，經濟部商業司，民國89年。
[29]. 禹帆，「無線通訊網路概論-GSM,GPRS,3G,WAP,Application」，文魁資訊股份有限公司，民國91年。
[30]. 張真誠、蔡文煇，「資料結構設計與C++程式應用」，旗標出版股份有限公司，民國91年。
[31]. 經濟部技術處eBusiness指標與標準研究計畫/資策會ECRC-FIND，2003年第二季台灣行動上網觀測報告， http://www.find.org.tw/0105/howmany/howmany_disp.asp?id=56
[32]. Repast，http://repast.sourceforge.net/