臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

維多利亞藍R（VBR）具有潛在的生物毒性及致癌性。其常存於染整廢水中，因不慎使用而滲漏於環境中。過去很多物化處理或光催化技術被使用於去除維多利亞藍R，然而受限於技術之層次、廣用性與成本，並未能實際應用於實場處理。生物處理對於環境相當友善且處理成本低廉，因此，本研究擬利用篩菌與固定化技術發展一套填充床生物反應器，用於連續去除水中之維多利亞藍R。各種影響因子包括：液體滯留時間、VBR濃度、突增負荷操作與共存物質對VBR去除之影響首先被評估。而細菌群落在生物系統連續處理VBR過程之變化也被分析。VBR被分解之中間產物和放流水的急性毒性變化也一併被瞭解。研究結果顯示，當廢水進流之停留時間控制在兩天，VBR濃度小於400 mg/l時，生物系統對VBR之去除率可達100%。而當停留時間<1天、VBR濃度> 1,100 mg/l、葡萄糖濃度> 600 mg/l和結晶紫濃度> 200 mg/l時，會大大影響生物系統對VBR之去除。在連續操作期間，最初去除率會受VBR濃度和停留時間之影響，但在一到兩天變會逐漸增加而達到一個穩定去除率。此外，經由填充床生物反應器處理後之放流水，其急性毒性降低原液的21.25至49.61倍，這些結果顯示填充床生物反應器可成功應用於多變的環境條件。根據中間產物分析，生物反應系統對於VBR去除可能為逐步去甲基化之過程。而根據系統親緣分析顯示，變形菌門為生物反應系統中主要之族群，其中嗜水氣單胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)在整個實驗週期都非常優勢。此外，根據菌株在生物系統中所扮演之角色，顯示本系統在去除VBR過程，包括了去甲基化、開環、碳氧化、硝化、脫氮，甚至固氮等作用。

The characteristics of the packed-bed bioreactor (PBB) for continuously removing Victoria Blue R (VBR) from an aqueous solution were determined. The effects of various factors including liquid retention time (RT), VBR concentration, shock loading, and coexisting compounds on the VBR removal and bacterial community in a continuous system were investigated. The intermediates of degraded VBR and the acute toxicity of the effluent were analyzed. When the VBR concentration was lower than 400 mg/l for a 2-day retention time, 100% removal efficiency was achieved. The VBR removal was affected by retention time (<1-day), VBR concentration (>1,100 mg/l), glucose concentration (>600 mg/l), and crystal violet concentration (>200 mg/l). During the continuous operating period, the efficiency initially varied with the VBR concentration and RT, but gradually increased in 1-2 days. Furthermore, the acute toxicity of the effluent reduced by a factor of 21.25 to 49.61, indicating that the PBB can be successfully operated under turbulent environmental conditions. VBR degradation involved a stepwise demethylation process to yield partially dealkylated VBR species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the dominant phylum in the PBB was Proteobacteria and Aeromonas hydrophila dominated during the entire operating period. Besides, results of phylogenetic analysis revealed this PBB is conducive for such processes as demethylation, aromatic ring opening, carbon oxidation, nitrification, denitrification, and even nitrogen fixation.

目錄 i
表目錄 iv
圖目錄 v
Abstract vi
摘要 vii
第一章 前言 1
第一節 研究背景 2
第二節 研究動機 3
第三節 研究目的與內容 3
第二章 文獻回顧 5
第一節 染料之特性 5
第二節 染料的分類 5
第三節 染色程序及染整廢水之特性 8
第四節 染料廢水之排放標準及處理方法 9
2.4.1化學氧化法 11
2.4.2化學混凝沉澱法 11
2.4.3物理吸附法 12
2.4.4生物處理法 12
第五節 微生物對有機物之代謝形式 13
2.5.1基質適應限制(Adaptation limitation) 13
2.5.2基質競爭性抑制(Competitive inhibition) 13
2.5.3基質非競爭性抑制(Non-competitive inhibition) 14
2.5.4反應產物抑制(Reaction product inhibition) 14
第六節 微生物固定化 14
2.6.1 微生物固定化之定義 14
2.6.2 微生物固定化之特性 14
2.6.3 微生物固定化方法 15
第七節 影響生物處理之因子 16
第八節 維多利亞藍(Victoria blue R) 17
2.8.1維多利亞藍之基本特性 17
2.8.2維多利亞藍處理之相關研究 18
第三章 材料與方法 20
第一節 實驗藥品 20
第二節 實驗設備 20
第三節 實驗架構 22
第四節 維多利亞藍R分解菌之馴養及篩選 23
第五節 填充床生物反應器之組裝及固定化 23
第六節 不同VBR濃度及停留時間對VBR去除之影響 24
第七節 突增負荷操作對VBR去除之影響 25
第八節 共存有機物與無機物對VBR去除之影響 25
第九節 系統中化學物質、菌相及出流水之毒性分析 26
3.9.1 生物反應器出流水之化學物質分析 26
3.9.2 生物反應器出流水之菌相分析 26
3.9.3 生物反應器出流水之毒性分析 27
第四章 結果與討論 28
第一節 不同停留時間對VBR去除之影響 28
第二節 不同VBR濃度對VBR去除之影響 29
第三節 突增負荷對VBR去除之影響 30
4.3.1突增負荷對生物系統去除VBR之影響 30
4.3.2突增負荷對生物系統主要化學物質及菌數之影響 30
第四節 共存基質對VBR去除之影響 34
4.4.1共存有機物基質對VBR去除之影響 34
4.4.2共存無機物基質對VBR去除之影響 35
第五節 VBR被代謝之中間產物與可能生化路徑 36
第六節 填充床生物反應器內菌相結構與菌種之變化 38
4.6.1填充床生物反應器內菌相結構變化 38
4.6.2填充床生物反應器內菌種之功能性 42
4.6.3填充床生物反應器內生物膜電顯觀察 43
第七節 填充床生物反應器處理VBR放流水之生物毒性分析 45
第五章 結果與建議 46
第六章 參考文獻 47

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