臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

聚溴二苯醚(Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers；PBDEs)是一種溴化耐燃劑，有鑒於火災一但發生對於人類生命財產都會造成重大傷害，因此常被應用於各種民生用品及建材作為防火耐燃劑；全世界對新興污染物的重視已日漸提升，像是聚溴二苯醚這種被人類合成不久的化學物質，都具有高脂溶性、為內分泌干擾物質的共通特性。PBDEs常用為石化產品、軟性或硬質塑膠之阻燃劑，諸如家用之電話、電腦外殼，乃至於各種防火護背等。鹵素系（包括氯系和溴系）阻燃劑已經成為日常環境中到處擴散的污染物，且對環境與人類的威脅日益升高。而製造、循環回收、或拋棄家電及其他消費性產品的行為，則是造成這些污染物釋放到環境的主要途徑。本研究目的在於檢視屏東地區母乳中聚溴二苯醚類濃度與母親和新生兒在人口學資料、社經地位和月經週期的關係，瞭解國人目前PBDEs的暴露概況。研究族群是在2007年4月至10月，於屏東地區所隨機收集到的健康婦女。利用氣層析/高解析質譜儀(GC/MS)分析20位受試者母乳中，七種聚溴二苯醚類同構(BDE-47,49,99,126,153,191,209)的濃度分佈，分析結果如下:母乳中平均聚溴二苯醚類濃度是2650±2580 pg/g lipid、BDE-47與BDE-99的相關強度最高(r=0.893, p＜0.001)。聚溴二苯醚類與母親年齡、懷孕前BMI、胎次、母乳脂含量皆無顯著相關。月經週期大於40天的母親比月經週期小於40天的母親，其母乳中聚溴二苯醚類濃度還要高(p=0.004)。教育程度較低的母親，母乳中BDE-99濃度也比教育程度較高的母親還要高(p=0.032)。當子女出
生頭圍較長的母親，其體內BDE-153濃度的趨勢也會隨之上升(r=0.458 ,p=0.042)。綜合上述結果，本研究卻仍無法下定結論，這是因為收得的樣本數太小(n=20)，所以未來對聚溴二苯醚類的環境監測計畫或是流行病學研究都應該被鼓勵。
依據城鄉上的差異以及對防火材料的使用觀念，屏東地區有可能為台灣地區人體PBDEs暴露較低的地區，如果該項推論正確更可藉由瞭解低暴露地區的生物監測結果，也可當為日後評估較高暴露地區的暴露背景值。本研究可提供我國衛生單位瞭解國人目前PBDEs的暴露概況。依據城鄉上的差異以及對防火材料的使用觀念，屏東地區有可能為台灣地區人體PBDEs暴露較低的地區，如果該項推論正確更可藉由本研究瞭解低暴露地區的生物監測結果，也可當為日後評估較高暴露地區的暴露背景值。

It has been raised the public concern on human exposure to the emerging compounds, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in the whole world. The organobromine chemicals are lipophilic endocrine disruptors with high resistance to biodegradation in the environment. The aim of this study was conducted to measure PBDE levels in breast milk of the general population gathered from Pingtung area and to examine the associations between PBDEs exposure and demographic measurements of mothers and infants. Study participants were healthy women recruited from Pingtung area between April and October 2007. Seven congener levels of PBDEs (BDE-47, 49, 99, 126, 153, 191, 209) in 20 breast milk samples were measured by a gas chromatography with a high resoluteion mass spectrometer (GC/Ms). The mean level of PBDEs in breast milk was 2650 ± 2580 pg/g lipid. The highest spearman correlation coefficient was found to be 0.893 (p<0.001) between BDE-47 and BDE-99 in breast milk. The levels of PBDEs were not significantly correlated with maternal age, pre-pregnant body mass index (BMI), parity, and lipid content in breast milk. Milky PBDE level was higher in women with the longest menstrual cycle length longer than 40 days versus less than 40 days (p=0.004). Women with education level lower than high school had the significantly higher magnitude of BDE-99 compared to women with the higher education level (p=0.032). Body burden of BDE-153 in women was increased with the increased head circumference of their offspring (r=0.458, p=0.042). We could not conclude our finding because the sample size was small (n=20). Owing to few environmental monitoring and epidemiological data of PBDEs, longitudinal and continuous studies will be encouraged in Taiwan.

摘 要...............................................I
英文摘要.............................................III
誌 謝...............................................V
目 錄..............................................VI
圖 目 錄............................................VIII
表 目 錄..............................................IX
附 錄...............................................X
第一章 緒 論...........................................1
第二章 文獻探討........................................4
第一節 聚溴二苯醚(PBDES)的種類.........................4
第二節 聚溴二苯醚之使用................................5
第三節 聚溴二苯醚的基本特性............................6
第四節 聚溴二苯醚的毒理特性............................6
第五節 台灣地區的環境流布..............................9
第六節 台灣地區人體中聚溴二苯醚的暴露.................10
第三章 研究方法.......................................13
第一節 研究架構與假設.................................13
第二節 實驗方法與步驟.................................13
第四章 研究結果與分析.................................20
第一節 個案基本資料之探討.............................20
第二節 母乳中聚溴二苯醚之測值.........................21
第三節 母乳中PBDES及其相關因子之探討..................23
第五章 結論與建議.....................................27
第一節 結論...........................................27
第二節 建議...........................................28
參考文獻..............................................29

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