臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

展望未來網路通訊科技的演進，帶動新一波多媒體群播應用，使群播傳輸量與服務需求快速成長，成為目前網際網路的主流。研究群播網路架構對傳輸效能影響首要的關鍵因素，在於滿足群播應用的使用者多元之服務品質（QoS）與經驗品質(QoE)。這些因素考量，包括動態群播成員管理， 具備資源調節群播網路之路徑控制，以及群播訊務傳輸控制。因此，如何設計高品質、高效率與建置互聯群播網路管控架構，是一門重要的議題。
本論文中，我們將群播網路服務品質控制與管理問題劃分為三個相關階段，並以群播會談連線建立為基礎，建構研究的主要議題。如靜態與動態群組管理階段，群播網路連線路徑與資源管控階段，以及群播訊務傳輸控制階段。在集中式控制和管理 (CCM) 的網路架構下，針對目前群播所面臨的問題，如擴展性、效率和系統建置等方面，建立模型與網路規劃，提供有效的解決方案。
首先在群組管理階段，我們在IP/MPLS網路建立 CCM 的架構，利用分享樹 (RP Shared tree) 的集中方式，彙整所有加入群播成員的資訊，並取得網路使用的狀態。在疊層 (Overlay) 網路中建立雙層群播代理 (TOMA) 的架構，可藉由IGMP 協定掌握所有移動式或固定式的群播成員。
群播會談之連線建立，屬於網路控制階段，其中我們提出三種具有QoS群播樹建立的演算法。針對IP/MPLS群播網路集中式控管，提出群播資源管控 (MRB) 功能，利用資源限制的最佳路徑演算法 (CSPF) 與RSVP-TE資源預留機制，建立所需資源分配的QoS群播樹。對於群播網路IPTV應用，提出混合群播樹之明確路徑演算法 (HT-ERM)，提高IPTV群播通道的服務品質與網路效能。另外，提出疊層群播樹演算法，建立疊層群播互聯網路，達到跨網域群播 (All-IP Multicasting) 的目標。
在群播會談中，訊務傳輸會隨著使用者之服務需求改變，因此造成網路連線的改變。在此階段，我們分別對IPTV頻道選擇與行動群播兩種情境，做為群播訊務傳送控制議題的研究。前者提出IPTV群播通道快速切換(Switchover)機制，確保更換頻道的收訊延遲最小化。後者針對使用移動位置的網路存取型態不同，提出環境感知式的異質換手 (Handoff)機制，達到無間隔連線品質與普及傳輸服務的目標。
總結本論文所提出之各種模型與方法，可以加強現有的通訊協定與建立實際運作的系統架構，並且改善未來網際網路應用與服務的效能品質。

With fast development of group communications, the requests for multimedia multicast service and application are increasingly growth over current Internet. The key points for multicasting applications are quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) supports which involve the multicast group dynamics of membership management, multicast network dynamics with P2MP routing and resource control, and dynamic multicast traffic control.
In this dissertation, the proposed multicast QoS supported network design is divided into three relevant phases of multicast session, such as static and mobile member joining in multicast group management phase, multicast QoS routing and resource reservation in multicast network control phase, and multicast traffic transmission in traffic control phase. The purpose of the centralized control and management (CCM) architecture is to setup network provisioning models and provide viable solutions for multicast QoS problems: scalability, efficiency and deployment, which is caused by dynamic behaviors in multicast session.
The multicast session is created by assigning the group address for static and dynamic member joining. In multicast group management phase, the RP shared tree of CCM can be applied for the member joining and network information collection. And, the multicast agent (MA) of overlay network can be used for mobile member joining via IGMP mechanism.
In multicast network control phase, the multicast session is setup by multicast tree construction, spanning all the sources and receivers. In multicast CCM architecture, we propose multicast resource broker (MRB) function with efficient resource provisioning which employs the CSPF multicast routing, and RSVP-TE resource reservation for multicast tree. Furthermore, for IPTV multicast application development, we propose HT-ERM approach for IPTV application which can improve the performance for multicast network delivery and channel control. For inter-domain multicast networking, we propose overlay tree construction algorithm to achieve all-IP multicasting.
In multicast traffic control phase, the proposed HT-ERM switchover control mechanism can provide fast switchover mechanism for channel change delay, and admission control for multicast IPTV QoS traffic distribution over hybrid-tree based multicast network. In additions, to achieve the seamless multicast transport connectivity, we propose context aware handoff mobility connection approach for mobile member access service.
Finally, our proposed models and algorithms can enhance the existing protocols and apply for practical framework implementation. The experimental results and performance evaluations for the reference architecture and application are validated to provide all-IP multicast transport service over Future Internet.

I. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Problem Statement and Scope 2
1.3 Organization of the Dissertation 5
II. REVIEW OF MULTICAST QOS CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT ARCHITECTURES 6
2.1 Fundamental Principles of Multicast Architecture Design 7
2.1.1 Flooding Based Control and Management 7
2.1.2 Distributed Based Control and Management 8
2.1.3 Centralized Based Control and Management 9
2.2 QoS supported IP Multicast Control and Management 10
2.2.1 QoS Issues for IP Multicast Control and Management 10
2.2.2 IP/MPLS Multicast QoS with IntServ and Diffserv 11
2.2.3 Comparisons Between Distributed and Centralized Multicast QoS 12
2.3 QoS Supported IP Multicast for IPTV Application 12
2.3.1 Multicast Channel Delivery for IPTV QoS 12
2.3.2 QoS Supported Multicast Network Control Approaches 13
2.4 Overlay Multicast for All-IP Multicast Transport Service 14
2.4.1 Overlay Multicast Control and Management 14
2.4.2 Inter-domain Multicast QoS for All-IP Multicast 16
III. CENTRALIZED CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT ARCHITECTURE FOR MULTICAST QOS 17
3.1 CCM Multicast QoS Architecture Design 17
3.1.1 Control/Management Plane 18
3.1.2 Control Signaling Plane 19
3.1.3 Data Forwarding Plane 20
3.2 CCM Based Multicast Data Forwarding Operations 20
3.2.1 Centralized Multicast Source Tree Transport Operations 20
3.2.2 Centralized Multicast Shared Tree Transport Operations 22
3.3 MRB Functional Modules for CCM Architecture 23
3.3.1 Multicast Bandwidth Broker 24
3.3.2 Off-line Process with Policy Manager 25
3.3.3 On-line Process with Network Information Server 25
3.4 MRB Based Resource Management and Admission Control 26
3.4.1 Static Resource Planning – Class Based Resource Provisioning 26
3.4.2 Dynamic Resource Control – CSPF Based Traffic Engineering 26
3.4.3 Multicast Admission Control – QoS Based P2MP LSP Setup 28
3.5 Performance Evaluations 30
3.5.1 Analytical Evaluations 31
3.5.2 Simulation Analysis 33
3.6 Summary 37
IV. HYBRID TREE BASED EXPLICIT ROUTED MULTICAST PROTOCOL 38
4.1 QoS Supported IPTV Multicasting Issues 38
4.1.1 Background 38
4.1.2 Problem Definition for IPTV multicast QoS 39
4.2 Modeling and Assumptions 40
4.2.1 IPTV Multicast Network Model 40
4.2.2 IPTV QoS Channel State Model 42
4.2.3 IPTV Channel Change Model 43
4.3 Proposed HT-ERM for IPTV Channel Control and Delivery Operation 44
4.3.1 HT-ERM Channel Control Algorithm 45
4.3.2 HT-ERM Protocol Design for Channel Delivery 47
4.3.2.1 Channel Initialization and Joining 48
4.3.2.2 Channel Change by Hybrid Tree Switchover 49
4.3.2.3 Channel Setup with RSVP-TE Admission Control 50
4.4 Performance Evaluations 50
4.4.1 Simulation Environment Setup 51
4.4.2 Performance Metrics 52
4.4.3 Simulation Results for Multicast Network Delivery 54
4.4.4 Simulation Results for IPTV Channel Control 58
4.5 Summary 63
V. OVERLAY MULTICAST FOR ALL-IP MULTICAST TRANSPORT SERVICE 65
5.1 All-IP Multicast Transport Network Model 65
5.1.1 TOMA: Two-Tier Overlay Multicast Agent Network Model 65
5.1.2 OMTSN Management for TOMA Transport Service 66
5.2 Centralized Overlay Multicast Agent Approach 68
5.2.1 Overview 68
5.2.2 Group Joining Control 69
5.2.3 Overlay Multicast Tree Computation Algorithm 70
5.2.4 Overlay Tree Construction Process 72
5.3 Distributed Overlay Multicast Agent Approach 73
5.3.1 Overview 73
5.3.2 MA Leader Election for Member Joining 73
5.3.3 TOMA Multicast Routing Decision 75
5.4 Mobile Wireless Multicast Transport Approach 77
5.4.1 Overview of Context Aware Handoff 77
5.4.2 Context-aware Mobility Control Process 78
5.4.3 Context-aware Handoff Decision Algorithm 79
5.4.4 Context-aware Handoff for Multicast Mobility Connection 82
5.4.5 Performance Evaluations for Context Aware Handoff 84
5.5 Summary 88
VI. CONCLUSIONS 89
6.1 Our Contributions 89
6.2 Ongoing Research and Future Work 91
REFERENCES 92

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