臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

顯示器中液晶模組的液晶(Liquid Crystal, LC)預傾角(Pre-tilt Angle)是一個非常重要的參數，預傾角代表著液晶分子與配向膜聚醯亞胺(Polyimide)間所夾的角度，因為有此角度在電壓驅動時可使液晶分子均往一致的方向扭轉，防止施加電壓於液晶盒中產生反向扭轉(Reverse Twist)而導致配向不良。
本論文的目的在嘗試分析兩種控制預傾角的方法：其一，利用水平與垂直之高分子液晶聚合物(Liquid Crystal Polymer, LCP)的特性，藉由控制水平與垂直LCP不同重量百分比濃度產生合力，且在鍍有銦錫氧化物(Indium Tin Oxide, ITO)導電薄膜之玻璃作定向刷摩配向，達到控制預傾角之效果；其二在水平配向膜中混入不同重量百分比濃度的奈米微粒(Nano-Particle)，塗佈於ITO導電玻璃得以控制預傾角。
實驗結果顯示，在未塗佈配向膜之液晶盒，藉由不同重量百分比濃度水平與垂直之LCP而得到17.45°、32.59°、46.52°之預傾角；而在配向膜中混入不同重量百分比濃度之奈米小球，實驗結果得到2.3~10.5°之預傾角，其中較為特別的是預傾角與添加的奈米小球濃度成反比例。藉由兩種方式之結果分析，在未來顯示器研究相關特性時可做為參考。

For LCD display module, pre-tilt angles is a very important parameter, and the pre-tilt angle represents the angle of LC molecules and alignment layer (Polyimide, PI).Because of this angle, by applying voltage to the LC molecules can twist toward the consistent direction. In addition, this could also prevent create reverse twist which could defect the alignment when applying voltage to cell.
We proposed two methods of controlling the pre-tilt angles, and we also compared and contrasted how these two methods have effects to LCD display module. One method is by directly rubbing alignment on the substrate with coating Indium Tin Oxide(ITO), and we will also utilize the characteristics of horizontal and vertical LCP on ITO. By controlling the different concentrations of horizontal and vertical LCP, it could produce net force (also called resultant force). Another method is to apply different concentrations of SiO2 nano-particles (AE130) doped in horizontal alignment PI and then be coating on ITO substrate to control the pre-tilt angles.
The experiment demonstrates, by having different concentrations of horizontal and vertical LCP , the LC cell without coating alignment layer could also control the pre-tilt angles to be 17.45°,32.59°,and 46.52°, respectively. On the other hand, different concentrations of nano-particles doped in PI could induce the pre-tilt angles to be in the range of 2.3~10.5°, and in this condition, pre-tilt angles are inverse with concentrations of nano-particles.

目錄
指導教授推薦書
口試委員會審定書
論文著作授權書
致謝 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
摘要 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v
Abstract --------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi
目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vii
圖目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------------ x
表目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------- xiii
第一章 序論 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1-1 前言背景 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1-2 研究目的 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1
第二章 文獻回顧與相關原理 ------------------------------------------------- 4
2-1 液晶介紹 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 4
2-1-1 液晶的發現 ------------------------------------------------------ 4
2-1-2 液晶材料的種類 ----------------------------------------------- 6
2-1-3 液晶分子量大小分類 --------------------------------------- 10
2-2 液晶物理與光學特性 ----------------------------------------------- 12
2-2-1 分子排列的秩序參數(Orientational Order Parameter, S)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
2-2-2 液晶光學異向性 (Optical Anisotropy) ------------------- 13
2-2-3 液晶介電異向性(Δε＝ε∥－ε⊥) ----------------------------- 15
2-2-4 液晶的黏滯係數（Viscosity Coefficients, η） ---------- 16
2-2-6 液晶的磁化異向性 (Susceptibility Anisotropy) -------- 18
2-3 液晶的配向相關機制與理論 -------------------------------------- 19
2-3-1 配向的目的 --------------------------------------------------- 19
2-3-2 定向摩擦配向原理 ------------------------------------------- 21
2-4 液晶顯示器的起源 -------------------------------------------------- 23
2-5 液晶顯示器顯示原理 ----------------------------------------------- 23
2-6 文獻回顧 --------------------------------------------------------------- 26
第三章 實驗原理與過程 ----------------------------------------------------- 36
3-1 利用高分子液晶聚合物控制預傾角 ----------------------------- 36
3-1-1 實驗架構 ------------------------------------------------------- 36
3-1-2 實驗流程 ------------------------------------------------------ 38
3-1-3 實驗用玻璃基板前置處理 --------------------------------- 38
3-1-4 高分子液晶聚合物濃度調製 ------------------------------ 40
3-1-5 摩擦配向 ------------------------------------------------------- 40
3-1-6 高分子液晶聚合物塗佈 ------------------------------------ 41
3-1-7 樣品 CELL 的製作 ------------------------------------------ 42
3-2 利用奈米小球濃度控制預傾角 ----------------------------------- 43
3-2-1 實驗架構 ------------------------------------------------------ 43
3-2-2 實驗流程 ------------------------------------------------------ 43
3-2-3 實驗用玻璃基板前置處理 --------------------------------- 44
3-2-4 奈米小球溶液濃度調製 ------------------------------------ 45
3-2-5 旋轉塗佈 ------------------------------------------------------ 46
3-2-6 摩擦配向 ------------------------------------------------------- 46
3-2-7 樣品 CELL 的製作 ------------------------------------------ 47
3-3 電性量測 -------------------------------------------------------------- 47
3-3-1 穿透率量測系統 --------------------------------------------- 47
第四章 實驗結果與討論 ----------------------------------------------------- 49
4-1 塗佈不同濃度的水平及垂直高分子液晶聚合物 -------------- 49
4-2 膜厚和液晶盒間隙量測 -------------------------------------------- 53
4-3 不同濃度奈米小球對預傾角的影響 ------------------------------ 54
第五章 結論 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 60
第六章 未來展望 -------------------------------------------------------------- 62
參考文獻 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
圖目錄
圖 2-1 苯二甲酸膽固醇酯之化學結構 -------------------------------------- 4
圖 2-2 液晶相與溫度變化的關係示意圖 ----------------------------------- 5
圖 2-3 向列型液晶相的分子排列 -------------------------------------------- 8
圖 2-4 層列液晶分子排列 ----------------------------------------------------- 9
圖 2-5 膽固醇型液晶相的分子排列 ----------------------------------------- 9
圖 2-6 不同高分子液晶聚合物結構的概念圖 ---------------------------- 11
圖 2-7 (a)主鏈型液晶高分子 (b)側鏈型液晶高分子 -------------------- 12
圖 2-8 液晶分子長軸與光軸 n 之空間位置示意圖 --------------------- 13
圖 2-9 向列型液晶物質所示三個定常流動與分別對應的黏滯係 --- 16
圖 2-10 液晶配向示意圖 ----------------------------------------------------- 19
圖 2-11 預傾角示意圖 -------------------------------------------------------- 20
圖 2-12 定向摩擦配向示意圖 ----------------------------------------------- 22
圖 2-13 液晶顯示器基本結構圖 --------------------------------------------- 24
圖 2-14 扭轉向列型液晶顯示器構造圖 ----------------------------------- 25
圖 2-15 預傾角和臨界電壓關係圖 ----------------------------------------- 27
圖 2-16 預傾角和反應速率關係圖 ----------------------------------------- 27
圖 2-17 混合水平與垂直 PI 聚合後的奈米結構表面圖 ---------------- 28
圖 2-18(a)水平與垂直作用力達平衡之示意圖 (b)PI 混合方式中垂直
配向 PI 的重量百分比濃度對預傾角關係圖----------------------------- 29
圖 2-19 雙層配向膜控制預傾角製程流程圖----------------------------- 30
圖 2-20 不同刷摩次數之 AFM 表面結構示意圖------------------------- 31
圖 2-21 摩擦次數與預傾角關係圖------------------------------------------ 31
圖 2-22 電性量測 V-T 圖 ----------------------------------------------------- 32
圖 2-23 垂直 PI 厚度與預傾角關係圖 ------------------------------------- 32
圖 2-24 雙層配向之液晶盒結構示意圖------------------------------------ 33
圖 2-25 NBB 樣品沒有轉態的 V-T 圖 ------------------------------------- 34
圖 2-26 POSS 重量百分比濃度與預傾角的關係圖---------------------- 35
圖 3-1 樣品結構示意圖 ------------------------------------------------------ 37
圖 3-2 (a)高分子液晶聚合物未經摩擦配向液晶排列示意圖---------- 37
(b)高分子液晶聚合物經摩擦配向液晶排列示意圖 --------------------- 37
圖 3-3 實驗流程圖 ------------------------------------------------------------ 38
圖 3-4 摩擦配向機台(RM50)------------------------------------------------ 41
圖 3-5 旋轉塗佈機(SP-M1-S) ----------------------------------------------- 42
圖 3-7 實驗流程圖 ------------------------------------------------------------ 43
圖 3-8 超音波破膜機 --------------------------------------------------------- 45
圖 3-9 Cell 結構圖 ------------------------------------------------------------- 47
圖 3-10 液晶盒量測系統裝置圖-------------------------------------------- 48
圖 4-1 高分子液晶聚合物濃度與預傾角關係圖(1) --------------------- 51
圖 4-2 高分子液晶聚合物濃度與預傾角關係圖(2) --------------------- 52
圖 4-3 高分子液晶聚合物電壓穿透率曲線圖 --------------------------- 53
圖 4-4 奈米微粒濃度與預傾角關係 --------------------------------------- 55
圖 4-5 奈米微粒濃度與接觸角關係 --------------------------------------- 55
圖 4-6 各濃度奈米微粒與未添加奈米微粒 PI 電壓穿透率比較曲線圖
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56
圖 4-7 SEM 圖放大倍率 300(帄面) ----------------------------------------- 57
圖 4-8 SEM 圖放大倍率 6000(帄面) --------------------------------------- 58
圖 4-9 SEM 圖放大倍率 3500 (Tilt) ---------------------------------------- 58
圖 4-10 SEM 圖放大倍率 6000 (Tilt) --------------------------------------- 59

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