一、中文部分
中華民國交通部觀光局（2005），觀光統計年報，台北：編製者發行.
行政院觀光發展推動委員第七次委員會議會前資料（2003）
吳美貞（2004），網路零售品牌消費經驗之研究－跨國性台日比較，國立高雄第一科技大學行銷與流通管理系碩士論文。林毓珊(2003)，團體旅遊顧客意見卡架構之研究，私立中國文化大學觀光事業研究所出版之碩士論文。邱豐德（2003），導遊人員專業發展之研究，國立高雄師範大學，成人教育研究所未出版之碩士論文孫慶文(1996)，我國國際領隊專業能力評估因素之研究，私立中國文化大學觀光事業研究所謂出版之碩士論文。陳桂英（1999），台灣消費者信念之探討－以觀點分析法之探索性研究，輔仁大學織品服裝學系碩士論文。陳景陽（2001），談外國的導遊制度，導遊資訊，51-17
黃坤田（2002），台灣消費者價值信念量表建構與性別差異之探討—以北區大專學生為例，輔仁大學織品服裝學系博士論文。黃英忠、曹國雄、黃同圳、張火燦、王秉鈞（2002），人力資源管理，第二版，台北：華泰。
楊謹行（2006），人格特質印象管理策略選擇與印象管理策略知覺之研究，以團體套裝旅遊中領隊-團員為例，輔仁大學管理學研究所碩士論文。劉靜艷、徐軍訟、楊四海（2001），導遊學教程，廣州：中山大學出版社
蔡建銓（2004），印象管理行為對組織內人際互動之影響：多觀點之研究，國立東華大學企業管理學系碩士論文。導遊人員管理規則（2004修改）
鍾佳勲（2003），團體套裝旅遊領隊風險之探索性研究，私立中國文化大學觀光事業研究所碩士論文。
二、日文部分
日本國際觀光振興機構Japan National Tourist Organization ,JNTO（2005），報導資料。
旅行業法（2006）
橋本佳恵（2000），海外主催旅行における添乗員の役割に関する研究,大阪明浄大学紀要，73-81。
玉村和彦（2003），パッケージ観光論-その英国と日本の比較研究，同文舘出版
高田利武（2004），「日本人らしさ」の発達社会心理学－自己・社会的比較・文化，ナカニシ出版
山口一美（2001），採用面接における志願者の自己呈示と非言語的行動，経営行動科学，15(1)，57-71。
松原敏浩（1979），印象管理についての研究：対人特性の影響について，大同工業大学紀要，14,1-5。
森住正明（2002），ツアーコンダクターと決めたら読む本，一ツ橋書店
長谷川政弘（1997），觀光學辭典，同文館。
柳澤さおり、古川久敬（2000），対人評価の正確さに関する研究の展望，九州大学心理学研究，1，79-93。
鈴木一吉（1998），ツアーコンダクターになるには，ペリカン社
三、英文部分
Ap, J., and Wong, K.F.(2001), “Case study on guiding：Professionalism, issues and problem,” Tourism Management, Vol.22, No.4, pp.551-563.
Baron, R.A.(1986), “Self-presentation in job interviews : When there can be too much of a good thing,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol.16, pp.16-28.
Bolino, M.C., and Turnley, W.H.(2003), “More than one way to make an impression : exploring profiles of impression management,” Journal of management, Vol.29, No.2, pp.141-160.
Cialdini, R. B. & Richardson, K. D.（1980）, “Two indirect tactics of image management: Basking and blasting,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.39, No.3, pp.406-415.
Cialdini, R. B. (1989), Indirect Tactics of Image Management: Beyond Basking, in Giacalone, R. A., & Rosenfeld, P. (Eds.). Impression management in the Organization,45-46. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Climaco, C. (1992) ,Getting to know schools using performance indicator：criteria, indicators and process. Educational Review, Vol.44 (3), pp.297-308.
Cuieford, J.P., (1965), Fundamental statistics in psychology and education, 4th ed., NY: McGraw-Hill.
Fawcett, Rokeach, M. (1980). Beliefs attitudes and values. New York: The Free Press.
Feldman, D.C. and Klich, N.R.(1991), “Impression management and career strategies. In Giacalone RA, Rosenfeld P(Eds.),” Applied impression management, pp.67-80. Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
Fletcher, C.(1989), “Impression management in the selection interview,” In Robert A. Giacalone and Paul Rosenfeld(Eds.), Impression management in the organization, pp.269-281. Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum.
Fuller, G.（1994）, Travel agency management. Ohio; South-Western.
Gardner, W. L., and Martinko, M. J.(1988), ”Impression management in organizations,” Journal of Management, Vol.14, pp.321-338. (a)
Gilmore, D.C., and Ferris, G.R.(1989), “The effect of applicant impression management tactics on interviewer judgments,” Journal of Management, Vol.15,No.4, pp.557-567.
Goffman, E. （1959）, The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
Gong, W. （2003），“Chinese consumer behavior ：A cultural framework and implications.” Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.29, No.3, pp.276-290.
Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., and Black, W.C. (1998) , “Multivariate data analysis” , (5th Ed). Prentice Hall International: UK.
Heide Dahles（2002）,“The polictics of tour guideing-Image Management in Indonesia.” Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.29, No.3, pp.783-800.
Hofstede, Geert （1995），多文化世界－違いを学び共存への道を探る，岩井紀子、岩井八郎譯，有斐閣。
Hofstede, Geert （2001）,“Culture’s consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, And Organizations Across Nations”: Sage Publication.
Hooper, P.（1995）, “Evaluation strategies for packaging travel.” Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, Vol.4, No. 2, pp.65-82.
Huang,C.T., Yung,C.Y. and Huang,J.H (1996), “Trends in outbound tourism from Taiwan” Tourism Management, May, pp.223-228.
Joana, L. & Clive, F.（2004）,“Fairness of impression management in employment interviews: A cross-country study of the role of equity and Machiavellianism.” Social behavior and personality, Vol.32, No. 8, pp.747-768.
Jones, E. E.（1964）, Ingratiation. NY: Appleton.
Jones, E.E., and Pittman, T.S.(1982), “Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation,” In J.Suls(eds.), Psychological perspectives on the self, Hillsdale, N.J. : Erlbaum, pp.231-262.
Jones, E.E., Gergen, K.J., Gumpert, P., and Thibaut, J.W.(1965), “Some conditions affecting the use of integration to influence performance evaluation,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.1, No.6, pp.613-625.
Kacmar, K. M., Delery, J. E., and Ferris, G.. R.(1992), “Differential effectiveness of applicant management tactics on employment interview decision,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol.22, pp.1250-1272.
Kipnis, D., and Schmidt, S. M.(1982), “Profile of organization influence strategies,” San Diego, CA：University Associates.
Kipnis, D., and Schmidt, S. M.(1988), “Upward influence styles: Relationship with performance evaluations, salary, and stress,” Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.33, pp.528-542.
Kipnis, D., S.M. Schmidt, C. Swaffin-Smith, and I. Wilkinson(1984), “Patterns of Managerical Influence：Shotgun Managers, Tacticians, and Bystanders,” Organization Dynamics, Vol.12, pp.58-67.
Kipnis, D., Schmidt, S., and Wilkinson, I.(1980), “Intraorganizational influence tactics:Explorations in getting one’s way,” Journal of Applied Pschology, Vol.65, No.4, pp.440-452.
Korda, M.(1977), Success. New York : Random House.
Leary, M. R., and Kowalski, R. M.(1990), “Impression management: A literature review and two-component model,” Psychological Bulletin, Vol.107, No.1, pp.34-47.
Liden, R.C., and Mittchell, T.R.(1988), “Ingratiatory behaviors in organizational settings,” Academy of Management Review, London:Academic Press, Vol.13, No.4, pp.572-587.
McFarland, L.A., Ryan, A.M., and Kriska, S.D.(2003), “Impression Management Use and Effectiveness Across Assessment Methods,” Journal of Management, Vol.29, No.5, pp.641-661.
Morrison, M. A.（1989）, “Hospitality and travel marketing. Albany,” New York：Delmar Publishers.
Nelson, D.L., and Quick, J.C.(2003), Organizational behavior. Mason, OH：South-Western.
Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric Theory, 2nded. NY: McGraw-Hill.
Pfeffer, J.(1981), “Management as symbolic action : The creation and maintenance of organizational paradigms,” In L.L. Cummings and B.M. Staw(Eds.), Research in organization behavior(Vol.3, pp.1-52). Greenwich, CT : JAI Press.
Priyadarshini, G.R. & Rani, C.S.(2004). A study on the influence of ego states on impression management in various services in the medical profession. South Asian Journal of Management, Vol.11, pp.53-60.
Ralston, D. A.(1985), “Employee ingratiation: The role of management,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.10, pp.477-487.
Rao, A., Schmidt S.M., and Murray L.H.(1995), “Upward Impression Management : Goal, Influence Strategies, and Consequences,” Human Relations, Vol.48, pp.147-167.
Richard, J. P., Robert, B. W., Terry, L. C., & Nace, R. M. (2001) , Examining the Impression Management Orientation of Mangers, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol.16(1), pp.35-49.
Riess, M., Kalle, R. J. & Tedeschi, J. T.（1981）. “Bogus pipeline attitude assessment, impression management, and misattribution in induced compliance settings.” The Journal of social Psychology. Vol.115, pp.247-258.
Ringer, R.J.(1976), Winning through intimidation, Greenwich, CT :
Schlenker, B. R. & Weigold, M. F.（1992）, “Interpersonal processes involving impression regulation and management.” Annual Review of Psychology, Vol.43, pp.133-168
Schlenker, B. R.（1980）. Impression management: The self-concept, social identity, and interpersonal relation. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Schmidt, S. M, & Kipnis, D.（1984）, Managers’s pursuit of individual and organizational goals, Human Relations, Vol.37, No.10), pp.781-794.
Schneider, D.J.(1981), “Tactical self-presentations : Toward a broader conception,” In J.T. Tedeschi(Ed.), Impression management theory and social research, pp.23-40. New York : Academic Press.
Schriesheim, C. A., and Hinkin, T. R.(1990), “Influence tactics used by subordinates: A theoretical and empirical analysis and refinement of the Kipnis, Schmidt, and Wilkinson subscales,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.75, pp.246-257.
Schuler, R.S., Huber, V.L.,（1990） Personnel and Human Resource Management, St. Paul, MN：West Pub.
Steven, J. （1986）, Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Stevens, C.K., and Kristof, A.L.(1995), “Making the right impression : A field study of applicant impression management during job interviews,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.80, pp.587-606.
Tedeschi, J. and Melburg, V.(1984), “Impression Management and Influence in the Organization,” Research in the Sociology of Organization, Vol.3, pp.31-58.
Tedeschi, J. T. and Reiss, M.(1981), “Verbal tactics of impression management,” In C.Antaki(Ed. ), Ordinary explanations of social behavior, pp.271-326.
Tetlock, P.E., and Manstead, A. S.R.(1985), “Impression management versus intrapsychic explanations in social psychology : A useful dichotomy? “ Psychological Review, Vol.92, pp.59-77.
Tsai, W.C., Chen, C.C., and Chiu, S.F.(2005), ”Exploring boundaries of the effects of applicant impression management tactics in job interviews,” Journal of Management, Vol.31, pp.108-122.
Turnley, W.H., and Bolino, M.C.(2001), “Achieving desired images while avoiding undesired images : Exploring the role of self-monitoring in impression management,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.86, pp.351-360.
Wang, K.C., Hsieh, A.T., and Huan, T.C.(2000), “Critical service features in group package tour：An exploratory research,” Tourism Management, Vol.21, No.2, pp.177-189.
Wayne, S. J., and Ferris, G. R.(1990), “Influence tactics, affect, and exchange quality in supervisor-subordinate interactions: A laboratory experiment and field study,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.75, pp.487-499.
Wayne, S.J. and Liden, R.C.(1995), “Effects of impression management on performance rations: A longitudinal study,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.38, No.1, pp.232-260.
Wayne, S.J., and Kacmar, M.K.(1991), “The effects of impression management on the performance appraisal process,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.48, pp.70-88.
Wayne, S.J., Liden, R.C., and Graf, I.K.(1997), “The role of upward influence tactics in human resource decisions,” Personnel Psychology, Vol.50, pp.979-1002.
Wen, G. (2003), “Chinese consumer behavior: A cultural framework and implications,”Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge; 3,1/2; ABI/INFORM Global, pp.373.
Wood, Robert E., and Mitchell, Terence R.(1981), “Manager Behavior in a Social Context: The Impact of Impression Management on Attributions,” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, Dec81, Vol.28 Issue 3, pp.356, 23p, 5 Charts, 1 Diagram
Yukl, G., and Falbe C.M.(1990), “Influence Tactics in Upward, Downward and Lateral Influence Attempts,” Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.75, pp.132-140.
World Tourism Organization, UNWTO（2005），報導資料。
World Tourism Organization, UNWTO（2006），報導資料。