臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

廢棄物焚化底灰再利用國內已廣泛應用於土木材料，不過，對於用途產品添加有害廢棄物焚化底灰是否具有耐久性以及含有重金屬底灰在酸性環境下是否具有長期穩定性，是值得探討之研究課題。有鑑以此，本研究之焚化底灰分為水洗過後與未經水洗兩部分，利用重金屬全量分析瞭解底灰中所含之重金屬總量，再藉由硫酸鈉浸泡試驗觀察控制性低強度材料( Controlled Low Strength Materials, CLSM )在長期鹽類侵蝕下之破壞行為，並以毒性特性溶出程序，觀察CLSM重金屬溶出之可能性。研究結果顯示：從全量分析中得知底灰添加量最高為45% ，CLSM在長期鹽類侵蝕耐久特性而言，未經過水洗的焚化底灰添加量皆不宜過30%；至於重金屬溶出結果，除銅有少量溶出外，其餘金屬皆無溶出。因此，本研究之有害廢棄物焚化底灰添加於CLSM是具有長期環境友善性。

In Taiwan the recovery of incineration bottom ash has usually been used as the construction material. However, the issue of durability is continually worth of research to study on the addition of hazardous waste incineration bottom ash regarding engineering construction products. Thus, the bottom ash in this study is divided into washed and unwashed samples. The total amount analysis of heavy metals in bottom ash used to understand the amount of heavy metals. Moreover, this study investigated for observing the failure behavior of controlled low strength materials under sulfate attack by using the sodium sulfate immersion test. The possibility of heavy metals leached from CLSM was observed by toxicity characteristic leaching procedure test. The results from the total amount analysis show that the largest amount of bottom ash added in CLSM is 45%. The result of sodium sulfate immersion test showed that CLSM has the ability of corrosion resistance. However, the addition of hazardous waste incineration bottom ash has below 30%. The result of leaching test showed that a small amount of copper is leached. Consequently, hazardous waste incinerator bottom ash added in CLSM is possessed of the long-term environmental friendliness.

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌 謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 X
符號解說 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1. 研究動機 1
1.2. 研究目的 2
1.3. 研究流程 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 焚化灰渣 4
2.1.1 物理特性 5
2.1.2 化學性質 6
2.1.3 底灰處理方式 9
2.1.4 重金屬溶出之檢測方法與標準 12
2.2 混凝土之耐久性 16
2.2.1 組成材料對混凝土耐久性之影響 17
2.2.2 配比設計對混凝土耐久性之影響 19
2.2.3 環境因素對混凝土耐久性之影響 19
2.2.4 中性化對混凝土耐久性之影響 21
2.3 CLSM 定義與規範 24
第三章 試驗材料、方法與設備 27
3.1 試驗材料 27
3.2 新拌性質試驗 28
3.2.1 配比設計 28
3.2.2 坍度及坍流度試驗 29
3.2.3 管流度驗試驗 30
3.2.4 凝結時間 32
3.3 硬固性質試驗 34
3.3.1 落沉試驗 34
3.3.2 抗壓強度試驗 35
3.3.3 超音波波速量測 36
3.3.4 乾縮試驗 37
3.3.5 吸水率試驗 38
3.4 耐久性質試驗 39
3.4.1 硫酸鹽浸泡試驗 39
3.4.2 毒性特性溶出程序 ( TCLP ) 40
3.5 試驗流程 43
第四章 結果與分析 44
4.1 底灰基本性質 44
4.1.1 物理性質 44
4.1.2 化學性質 46
4.2 CLSM 混凝土基本性質 49
4.2.1 最佳配比 49
4.2.2 CLSM 混凝土工作性 51
4.2.3 初凝時間 52
4.2.4 落沉試驗 53
4.2.5 抗壓試驗 55
4.2.6 超音波波速 59
4.3 耐久性試驗 63
4.3.1 乾縮試驗 63
4.3.2 硫酸鹽浸泡試驗 68
4.3.3 毒性特性溶出程序 ( TCLP ) 72
4.4 小結 75
第五章 結論與建議 76
5.1 結論 76
5.2 建議 76
參考文獻 77

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