臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以棕櫚殼為原料，利用水蒸氣及KOH活化法製備活性碳。本文活性碳經BET表面積儀、熱重分析儀、FTIR和元素分析，瞭解不同活性碳之物理和化學特性。水蒸氣活化法活性碳，比表面積介於612~1268 m2/g間，最大熱裂解溫度介於553~572oC間，表面具羥基、醌類(C=O)及芳香環(C=C、C−H)等官能基；KOH活化法活性碳，比表面積介於875~1929 m2/g間，最大熱裂解溫度介於448~499 oC間，表面具酯或醚類(C−O−C)，其餘官能基與水蒸氣活化法活性碳相似。吸附動力使用顆粒內部擴散模式、Elovich式和擬二次式等三種動力學模式探討，等溫平衡吸附以Langmuir和Freundlich等溫平衡式解析，瞭解活性碳吸附之行為。動力學以擬二次式解析較佳，其中浸泡KOH/char值為3時，吸附染料(MB, BB1, AB74)及酚類(4-CP, 4-cresol, phenol, 2,4-DCP)，其吸附半生期(t1/2)分別為2.42、4.41、13.96及0.95、3.65、1.06、2.97 min，展現快速吸附能力；等溫平衡以Langmuir式解析較佳，單層覆蓋吸附量(qmon)以材料50 g、900C活化8小時，吸附染料分別為660、809及391 g/kg和以材料50 g、930C活化6小時，吸附酚類分別為337、442、693及232 g/kg，吸附能力最佳。於273K下進行CO2吸附，以材料100 g，900C活化4小時，達3.60 mol/kg最佳。利用循環伏安法測定活性碳電化學性質，浸泡KOH/char值為2時，於0.5 M H2SO4溶液中比電容值達265.68 F/g。綜合上述本文活性碳在工程上具有個別的應用潛力。

Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from palm oil shell with steam activation and KOH activation methods. The physical and chemical properties were measured by BET Specific Surface Area Analyzer, FTIR, and Elemental analysis. Among steamed ACs, the specific surface areas were between 612 and 1268 m2/g; the maximum degraded temperature (Td) were between 553 and 572oC. The surface functional groups included hydroxyl, quinine (C=O) and aromatic rings (C=C、C−H) were observed. Parallely, the specific surface areas were founded between 875 and 1929 m2/g for KOH ACs. The maximum Tds were between 448 and 499oC. The surface functional groups were similar to steamed ACs, except ester and ether (C−O−C). Three simplified models including the Intraparticle diffusion mode, Pseudo-second-order, and Elovich equation were used to fitted the adsorption kinetics. Furthermore, the equilibrium isotherm was analyzed by Langmuir and Freudlich equations to understand the adsorption behavior of ACs. Accordingly, the adsorption kinetics was best fitted with the Pseudo-second-order model. The half life (t1/2) for the adsorption of dyes (MB, BB1, AB74) and phenols (4-CP, 4-cresol, phenol, 2,4-DCP) were 2.42, 4.41, 13.96, 0.95, 3.65, 1.06 and 2.97 mins, respectively, demonstrated a rapidly adsorption capability on prepared ACs. Isotherm equilibrium adsorption was best fitted with Langmuir equation. The monolayer coverage adsorbed amounts (qmon) for the adsorption of dyes (MB, BB1, AB74) on S9008(50) were 660, 809, and 391 g/kg, respectively; for those of phenols (4-CP, 4-cresol, phenol, 2,4-DCP) on S9306(50) were 337, 442, 693, and 232 g/kg, respectively. The best adsorbed amount of carbon dioxide reached 3.60 mol/kg at 273K on S9004(100). The highest specific capacitance was found to be 265.68 F/g for K2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 as determined by cyclic voltammetry. In conclusion, the activated carbons prepared in this study exhibit an individual potential application in engineering.

摘要 I
Abstract III
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 X
符號表 XII
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起與目的 1
1.2 研究內容 4
第二章 文獻回顧 7
2.1 活性碳之原料 7
2.2 活性碳製備技術 11
2.2.1 物理活化法 11
2.2.2 氣體活化法 12
2.2.3 化學活化法 13
2.3 活性碳孔隙結構 15
2.4 活性碳吸附 20
2.4.1 吸附動力學 20
2.4.2 吸附等溫平衡 22
2.5 其他應用 26
2.5.1 CO2吸附 26
2.5.2 超高電容器之應用 29
第三章 實驗方法與設備 32
3.1 實驗設備及藥品 32
3.2 活性碳製備 37
3.2.1 以水蒸氣活化法製備活性碳 37
3.2.2 以KOH活化法製備活性碳 37
3.3 活性碳之物理性質分析 39
3.3.1 BET比表面積分析及孔徑分佈 39
3.3.2 掃瞄式電子顯微鏡(Scanning Electron Microscope；SEM ) 39
3.3.3 熱重分析(TGA, Thermogravimetric Analysis) 40
3.4 活性碳之化學性質分析 41
3.4.1 元素分析(EA, elemental analysis) 41
3.4.2 傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀(FT-IR) 42
3.4.3 反滴定法（Boehm`s titration method） 42
3.5 液相吸附實驗 44
3.5.1 吸附動力學 44
3.5.2 吸附等溫平衡 44
3.6 活性碳之應用 46
3.6.1 二氧化碳吸附測試 46
3.6.2 電化學測試 46
第四章 結果與討論 49
4.1 活性碳之物理與化學性質特性 49
4.1.1 不同活化溫度之活性碳 49
4.1.2 不同活化時間之活性碳 61
4.1.3 提升材料重量與活化時間之活性碳 69
4.1.4 KOH活化法之活性碳 78
4.1.5 商用活性碳之F300 90
4.2 活性碳之液相吸附 92
4.2.1 吸附動力學 92
4.2.2 吸附等溫平衡 124
4.3 其他應用 147
4.3.1 CO2吸附 147
4.3.2 電化學應用 151
第五章 結論與建議 166
5.1 結論 166
5.2 建議 169
參考文獻 170
附錄 183

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