臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

過去的研究發現撞擊力峰值有部分力量其實是作用在前足，而且與人體下肢肌群的調整有關，此肌肉調適的因應策略是因人而異的。本研究擬以足部負重的介入方式，在帆布鞋前、後端加上不同的負重，使鞋子的重心位置改變，依此觀察跑者穿著重心位置不同的鞋子時，是否會改變其著地策略。此外，也要驗證造成地面作用力之撞擊力峰值的機制，觀察前端加重與後端加重，是否改變撞擊力峰值或最大負荷率。
研究結果顯示，大部分的受試者在赤腳跑步時，會採用前足著地的方式，而穿鞋時則會採用後足著地的方式，且不同的負重對後足著地方式似乎不會有太大影響。比較赤腳與帆布鞋兩種情況，女性跑者在赤腳時有明顯較小的足底角，應是在赤腳觸地時，能有較大的接觸面積，減小局部的足底壓力；除了女性的足底角外，男女受試者的下肢運動學參數都沒有顯著差異；但女性跑者無論是撞擊力峰值或是最大負荷率，赤腳跑時都顯著高於穿鞋跑，與男性的結果不同。在不同負重與分布的四種情況下，男性受試者在穿前負重鞋時，足底角顯著大於前後負重的情況，推測應是在擺盪期(swing phase)因前足重量較重，男性跑者為避免使足尖位置過低造成絆倒，因此背屈肌用力將前足抬起，使觸地瞬間有較大的足底角；後足著地後，背屈肌持續用力減緩前足觸地時產生的衝擊力，使得撞擊力峰值減小。但女性跑者因肌力表現不如男性，因此穿前負重的鞋時，足底角並無明顯較大，而在前足觸地時則因碰撞質量增加，造成撞擊力峰值顯著比穿後負重鞋大。從最高值的人數比例分佈來看，穿前負重鞋時大部分的跑者在前足著地瞬間產生較大的撞擊力峰值，而在穿後負重鞋時因為鞋跟有較大的質量，使撞擊地面時的撞擊能量增加，造成有較大的最大負荷率。本研究結果認為，撞擊力峰值的發生與前足碰撞地面有關，也發現男、女受試者間最大負荷率的差異可能受肌力不同所影響，建議未來研究可以加入肌電訊號深入探討。

There were five experimental sections for this research. The results indicated that the situation of adding different weighing to the shoes did not affected the way of heel strike of the runner. Comparing running with bare foot and with canvas shoes, the sole angle at heel strike of female participants wearing canvas shoes was significantly bigger than that of bare foot. The reason that female participants had the smaller sole angle at heel strike might because the area of foot contact was wider when they touched the ground with bare foot, the pressure of their heel decreased and so did the sense of pain. In this study, no matter male or female participants, the observed variables of biomechanical showed no significant differences except the sole angle at heel strike of female participants. However, the impact force peak and the maximum loading rate of female participants were found to be higher when running with bare foot than running in shoes; this finding was contradict with that of male runners, and it’s worth deeper exploration in the future.
Under four different conditions with different loading, the sole angle at heel strike of male participants was bigger under the situation of front loading than that of average loading. It was assumed that the weight of front foot was heavier during swing phase, the male runners tried to avoid falling due to the over-low location of toe, using dorsiflexion muscles to lift up the fore foot and caused big sole angle right at they touched the ground. While the rear foot touched the ground, dorsiflexion muscles continued functioning to reduce the impact force which was produced when the fore foot touched the ground instantly. On the contrary, female runners’ muscle strength did not perform as male did, the sole angle of front loading was not big; nonetheless, while the fore foot touched the ground the effective mass increased and caused impact force peak higher than that of back loading.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第壹章 緒論
第一節 前言與問題背景 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 名詞解釋 3
第貳章 文獻探討
第一節 赤腳與仿赤腳鞋 5
第二節 足部負重 7
第三節 地面反作用力之影響 7
第四節 總結 9
第參章 研究方法
第一節 受試者 11
第二節 受測鞋與儀器設備 11
第三節 實驗流程 12
第四節 資料處理與分析 15
第肆章 結果
第一節 著地方式 17
第二節 足跟觸地瞬間之下之運動學參數 18
第三節 地面反作用力 21
第伍章 討論與結果
第一節 著地方式 25
第二節 赤腳與穿鞋 26
第三節 穿不同負重的鞋 27
第四節 結論與建議 30
參考文獻 33
附錄 37

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