臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以一具500c.c.汽油引擎改裝成GDI引擎做為試驗載具，除了原始引擎所搭載使用之供油系統外，並加載一套高壓共軌噴射系統，將燃油噴射壓力提升至100 Bar，GDI噴射系統之噴油嘴直接安置於引擎汽缸頭上，噴射時與活塞頂表面形成90°垂直。實驗中引擎分別設定在不同轉速(3000、4000、5000rpm)，並以節氣門開度(TPS%)為依據，控制引擎的負載狀況(TPS20%、30%、40%)，使燃油做兩階段的噴射，分析不同噴射比例(Φ為4：6、5：5、6：4)下的影響，進而探討與單一次噴射下引擎性能表現及排氣污染情形。

實驗結果發現兩階段噴射的模式下，隨著第一道噴射比例的增加，使引擎在點火前有較均質之油氣，並隨第二道噴射後，汽缸內達到分層燃燒之空燃比分佈，使燃燒更完全，整體扭力及污染排放隨之改善，扭力約上升5%~20%，排污方面也有改善的趨勢，CO下降約5%~15%，HC則下降約15%~40%。

然而將兩階段噴射較佳的操作點與單一次噴射作一系列之比較，結果發現因兩階段噴射在進氣行程只將部分燃油噴入汽缸，燃油的蒸發使容積效率較單一次噴射約上升1%~2%，在扭力輸出方面，兩階段噴射所形成的油氣分佈模式，則受火星塞位置影響，使其在高負載以及轉速較高的情況下，無法有效提升，CO的排放量較單一次噴射約高10%~40%、HC的排放量也約高5%~20%，不過NO的排放則受瞬間燃燒溫度的影響較單一次噴射下降了約10~30%，比較中發現，因火星塞位於燃燒室側邊影響了火焰的傳播，導致兩階段噴射時汽缸內局部油氣無法有效燃燒，因此扭力及污染排放皆未獲得提升。

This research applies a modified GDI engine (re-assemble from a 500C.C. gasoline EFI engine). A common-rail 100 bar injection system is equipped with a injector placed on the top of the cylinder head (perpendicular to the piston surface). The engine runs at 3000, 4000, and 5000 rpm, the throttle opens at 20%, 30%, and 40% TPS. The fuel is injected at two stage with the injection mass ratio 4：6, 5：5, and 6：4 respectively. The engine performance and exhaust emissions are studied.

The GDI engine has two stage injection, by increasing the first injection amount, the cylinder charge has better homogeneous charge mixing before the second inject onset. Results show the increased first injection ratio can promote the engine torque by 5%~20%. The CO emission is reduced by 5%~15% and the HC emission is reduced by 15%~40%.

When the comparison is made between the optimized two stage injections and the single stage injection (semi-port fuel injection), the volumetric efficiency is slightly increased by 1%~2%. The engine torque under high engine load and engine speed case is not able to be increased by running the GDI mode since the spray plug is placed on the side of the combustion chamber. The CO emission is increased by 10%~40%, the HC emission is increased by 5%~20%, and the NO emission is reduced by 10~30% due to instantaneous charge temperature. However when this two-stage injection mode is compared to the singe stage (quasi-EFI injection) mode, the side placed spark plug causes the un-effective flame propagation inside the combustion chamber, thus, the engine performance is deteriorated, and the emissions are increased.

中文摘要------------------------------------------------------------ i
英文摘要------------------------------------------------------------ ii
誌謝---------------------------------------------------------------- iv
目錄---------------------------------------------------------------- v
表目錄-------------------------------------------------------------- vii
圖目錄-------------------------------------------------------------- viii
符號說明------------------------------------------------------------ ix
第一章 緒論-------------------------------------------------------- 1
1-1 前言-------------------------------------------------------- 1
第二章 研究動機與背------------------------------------------------ 2
2-1 研究動機-------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
2-2 文獻回顧---------------------------------------------------- 3
2-3 汽油引擎廢氣污染物生成之機制-------------------------------- 11
2-4 研究目的---------------------------------------------------- 13
第三章 實驗設備---------------------------------------------------- 14
3-1 引擎設備之總覽--------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
3-1-1 實驗引擎的動力性能量測與控制設備----------------------------- 15
3-1-2 實驗引擎人機介面監控與電子噴射圖控系統----------------------- 18
3-1-3 實驗引擎廢氣量測裝置----------------------------------------- 21
3-2 實驗引擎GDI引擎噴嘴設置及高壓共軌系統------------------------ 21
3-2-1 GDI電子噴射之高壓共軌供油系統-------------------------------- 22
第四章 結果與討論---------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
4-1 GDI引擎改變噴射正時對引擎扭力的影響--------------------------- 26
4-2 GDI引擎兩階段噴射控制下不同燃油噴射比例對性能及排污之影響----- 27
4-2-1 兩階段噴射控制下不同燃油噴射比例對引擎性能之影響-------------- 28
4-2-2 兩階段噴射控制下不同燃油噴射比例對引擎排污之影響-------------- 32
4-3 單一次噴射與兩階段噴射對性能及排污之影響---------------------- 38
4-3-1 單一次噴射與兩階段噴射對性能之影響----------------------------- 38
4-3-2 單一次噴射與兩階段噴射對排污之影響----------------------------- 43
第五章 結論與未來展望------------------------------------------------- 49

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