臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要在於利用由河川流量資料建立地下水補注量之模式，並將其應用於估計濁水溪、烏溪及北港溪三流域地下水補注量之研究，以了解該區地下水補注與排出之動態平衡。
本研究在不考慮集水區之地質及水文地質狀況下，選擇在一單純環境的假設下進行消退曲線位移法與基流資料估計法兩模式之分析，而模式一則以河川流量歷線地下水消退部分之消退行為，為一近似直線之曲線為假設來進行估算地下水補注量，由河川流量資料之流量歷線消退部分，藉由收集研究區三流域及其支流現有之水文測站的流量資料，來建立三流域研究時期的消退行為，而估計消退指數此一參數，並利用此消退指數方可求得主要消退曲線，以便進行由三流域之河川流量歷線求得地下水補注量之評估；模式二為一基流分離法，藉由將河川流量歷線分離出地表逕流與基流兩部分，將所分離出基流歷線下之部分假設為為地下水排水量，並在分析時間夠長時可視之為有效地下水補注量。在此之補注量，皆為水文學上，降雨入滲至地表後，經深層滲漏至地下含水層之水量。
分析結果顯示，消退曲線位移法所得之估算結果，由消退指數所控制，經由對其作敏感度分析可得知，由分析者主觀決定之消退指數值在合理誤差範圍內，對所分析之結果影響不大，亦即求得主要消退曲線代表河川之特性曲線後，其估算之結果可信度為佳。並將兩模式分析所得之結果作一比較可得兩者有相當的契合度。
應用消退曲線位移法與基流資料估計法於濁水溪、烏溪及北港溪三流域地下水補注量之研究，其中選用三流域共十七個測站進行分析，兩模式所估計出之地下水補注量以入滲率表示。1.消退曲線位移法分析結果入滲率和年補注量分別為：濁水溪流域126.54 ，13.98億噸；烏溪流域141.16 ，10.81億噸；北港溪流域91.7 ，3.6億噸。2.基流資料估計法分析結果入滲率和年補注量分別為：濁水溪流域105.4 ，11.97億噸；烏溪流域119.62 ，9.06億噸；北港溪流域76.99 ，2.86億噸。

For investigating the balance of recharge and discharge of ground-water, the methods under mentioned are adduced. The methods are intended for analysis of the daily streamflow record of a basin where one can reasonably assume that all, or nearly all, ground water discharges to the stream except for that which is lost to riparian evapotranspiration, and where regulation and diversion of flow can be considered to be negligible. And the methods under mentioned are applied at three drainage basins, Cho-Shui Shi, Wu Shi and Pei-Kang Shi in Taiwan.
The analysis of the recession-curve-displacement method and the method of base-flow-record estimation are based on a simply assumptive environment without considering difference hydrogeological conditions. The first method estimates ground-water recharge, it is assumed that the linearity of the Master Recession Curve during times when surface(direct) runoff is not significant or when the profile of the ground-water head distribution has become nearly stable. The second method is one of base-flow separations,it is a relatively arbitrary procedure of estimating a continuous record of ground-water discharge, or base flow, under the streamflow hydrograph. And when the period of analysis is long enough that the effect on the water balance of changes in storage can be considered negligible, the mean ground-water discharge can be considered the effective recharge. The ground-water recharge noticed here is considered equal to the deep percolation in hydrography. Finally, ground-water recharge and discharge estimating by the recession-curve-displacement method and the method of base-flow-record estimation are compared.
The recession-curve-displacement method is preceded by the assignment of a value to the recession index. The sensitivity test of recession index shows that changing the recession index causes slight variation in recharge. The comparison of estimates of recharge and discharge is, if ground-water withdrawals are negligible, the difference between mean rate of ground-water recharge and discharge is riparian evapotranspiration-the loss of water from steram channels and the saturated zone near stream channels to the atmosphere.
The results of the infiltration rate and ground water recharge from the recession-curve-displacement mothod : Cho-Shui Shi basin is 126.54 , 13.98 billion ton, Wu Shi basin is 141.16 , 10.81 billion ton, Pei-Kang Shi basin is 91.7 , 3.6 billion ton; the results of the infiltration rate and ground water recharge from the method of base-flow-record estimation : Cho-Shui Shi basin is 105.4 , 11.97 billion ton, Wu Shi basin is 119.62 , 9.06 billion ton, Pei-Kang Shi basin is 76.99 , 2.86 billion ton.

摘要……………………………………………………………………….I
英文摘要………………………………………………………………..III
誌謝……………………………………………………………………...V
目錄……………………………………………………………………..VI
表目錄………………………………………………………………...IX
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………..X
符號說明……………………………………………………………….XII
第一章、 緒論………………………………………………………….1
1.1 前言及研究目的………………………………………………..1
1.2 前人相關研究…………………………………………………..2
1.3 研究方法與流程………………………………………………..4
第二章、 理論模式發展………………………………………………..8
2.1 逕流現象分析…………………………………………………..9
2.1.1 未飽和層逕流分析…………………………………….14
2.2 流量歷線……………………………………………………….15
2.3 模式之適用性及假設條件…………………………………….17
2.4 消退曲線位移法……………………………………………….18
2.4.1 地下水排水之消退分析……………………………….18
2.4.1.1 理論基礎……………………………………18
2.4.1.2 建立主要消退曲線…………………………21
2.4.2 地下水補注量之估計………………………………….22
2.4.2.1 模式之理論及其發展………………………23
2.5基流資料估計法……………………………………………….25
2.5.1 模式發展……………………………………………….25
2.5.2 模式應用………………………………………………32
第三章、 研究區域概述……………………………………………….35
3.1 流域概述……………………………………………………….39
3.1.1 濁水溪流域…………………………………………….39
3.1.2 烏溪流域……………………………………………….43
3.1.3 北港溪流域…………………………………………….46
3.2 測站資料……………………………………………………….48
第四章、 結果分析與討論…………………………………………….51
4.1 消退曲線位移法……………………………………………….51
4.1.1 地下水排水消退行為分析?主要消退曲線………….51
4.1.2 地下水補注量估計…………………………………….55
4.1.3 參數敏感度分析?消退指數………………………….57
4.2 基流資料估計法……………………………………………….59
4.2.1 地下水排水分析……………………………………….59
4.2.2 地表逕流基期………………………………………….63
4.2.3 地下水排水?基流分析結果………………………….63
4.3 兩模式結果比較與分析……………………………………….68
4.4 濁水溪流域地下水補注量相關研究………………………….72
第五章、 結論與建議………………………………………………….73
5.1 結論……………………………………………………………73
5.2 建議…………………………………………………………….75
參考文獻……………………………………………………………….76
附錄Ａ 消退曲線位移法各測站分析結果………………………….84
Ａ.1主要消退曲線圖……………………………………………..84
Ａ.2分析年限內各月結果表……………………………………..93
附錄Ｂ 基流資料估計法各測站分析結果…………………………104
Ｂ.1河川流量歷線與基流歷線關係圖………………………….104
Ｂ.2分析年限內各月結果表…………………………………….113

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