臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在發展一套使用ZigBee網路無線技術來實現室內定位系統，可應用於圖書館，科博館等等地方，整個系統主要使用Cross-Bow所開發的MICAz無線感測器收發模組來實現室內定位系統，另外搭配Cross-Bow所開發的MIB510板子，主要弁酮O用來連接MICAz，然後透過RS-232與電腦做連接。

本論文主要是實現室內定位系統，首先我們佈設六個感測器節點，我們稱為參考節點，這些參考節點會定期廣播訊息給移動節點，然後我們將所接收到的訊號強度值轉換成距離然後在透過定位演算法去得知移動節點的位置。最後我們會分別對靜態和動態這兩部份去對室內定位系統作探討。

The objective of this research is developing a local positioning system by ZigBee wireless LAN. This system can be used in libraries, museums,…etc. The whole system uses MICAz which is a wireless sensor transmitting and receiving module, developed by Cross-Bow, to implement local positioning system. And this system combines with MIB510, developed by Cross-Bow, to connect MICAz. Then communicate with the computer through RS-232.

This thesis is implementing local positioning system. First, we set six sensor nodes, called referring nodes. These nodes will broadcast information regularly to moving node. Then we estimate the distance from the intensity of the receiving signal, and an algorithm is used to get the position of moving node. Aftermost we will discuss the static and dynamic part of local positioning system.

目 錄………………………………………………………………………..3
圖 目 錄……………………………………………………………………….5
表 格 目 錄……………………………………………………………………….7
第一章、論文概論 ……………………………………………………………...8
1.1 研究背景、動機與目的……………...………………………………………..8
1.2 系統架構 …………………………………………………………………….9
1.3 論文架構 ……….…………………………………………………………..10
第二章、無線感測器網路介紹….………………………….………………………..12
2.1 無線感測器網路概論…………………..…………………………………...12
2.2無線感測器網路的架構與應用……………………………………………..15
2.3 Cross-Bow感測器網路………………………………………………….17
2.4無線感測器網路設計的考量………………………………………….….....21
第三章、相關技術介紹……………………………………………………….……24
3.1 IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee ……………………………………………………..24
3.1.1 IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee簡介……………………….....……………......24
3.1.2 IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee通訊協定…………...……………………….26
3.1.3 IEEE 802.15.4……………………………………………………….27
3.1.4 ZigBee……………………………..…………………………………...31
3.1.5 IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee現況解決方案…………………………...…...34
3.2 定位技術………………………..…………………………………………...39
3.2.1定位技術簡介…………………….………………......……………......39
3.2.2 GPS（Global Positioning System）定位技術..……………………….41
3.2.2.1 GPS系統的組成……………..…………………..……………......41
3.2.2.2 GPS定位的原理………………….……………………………….41
3.2.3 AOA（Arrival of Angle）定位技術………………………………….43
3.2.4 TOA（Time of Arrival）定位技術…………………………………...44
3.2.5 TDOA（Time Difference of Arrival）定位技術……………….....…...45
3.2.6 RSSI（Received Signal Strength Indication）定位技術……………...46
3.3 TinyOS…...................................................……...…………………………...47
3.3.1 TinyOS簡介………………………......…….......................………......47
3.3.2 TinyOS特點…...............................………...………………………….48
3.3.3 TinyOS排程………………………………………………………….50
3.3.4 TinyOS編程……………………………..…….…………………...50
3.3.5 nesC………………................................................…………...…...50
3.3.5.1 nesC介紹………………...…..…………………..……………......50
3.3.5.2 nesC優點……………………...….……………………………….51
3.3.6 Network Management－Transmission Protocol..............………......52
3.3.7 TOSSIM－A Simulator for TinyOS Networks…….......………….53
3.3.8 TinyDB數據庫…….....................................................….....………….54
第四章、系統硬體架構……...........................……………………………..57
4.1 MICAz（MPR2400）感測器……………………………………….………..57
4.2 ATmega128L micro-controller………………...……………………..…...58
4.3 CC2420 RF Transceiver…………......…………………………….………..62
4.4 MIB510 Serial Interface Boards………….…...……………………..…...63
第五章、系統實作與測試……………….......................................………….65
5.1定位概論………………..….......................………………………………….65
5.2定位實作……………….…………………………………………………….65
5.3移植與實作步驟……………………………………………………………..68
5.4實驗數據……………………………………………………………………..73
第六章、結論與未來展望……….............……………………………………...81
Reference……………………………………………….………………………….82

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【19】David Gay, Philip Levis, David Culler, Eric Brewer,” nesC 1.1 Language Reference Manual”, May 2003
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【21】http://telegraph.cs.berkeley.edu/tinydb/
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