臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文擬應用二維數值波浪模式，探討規則波在斜坡底床上溯升的波流特性。為模擬黏性流體的運動行為，模式求解二維時變的雷諾平均方程式 (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations, RANS) 及低雷諾數紊流傳輸模式 ( model)。並結合等位函數法 (Level Set Method) 及質點等位函數法 (Particle Level Set Method) 追蹤複雜的自由液面變化。為模擬流體與固體邊界之間的互制行為，本模式擬採用質量守恆邊界法 (Mass-Conserved Boundary Method)。此法可於卡式座標下，滿足不規則固體邊界條件，模擬波浪水體於斜坡底床附近的流場演變情形。為瞭解規則波於斜坡底床上溯升的波流場特性，本文擬改變不同波浪條件，入射至不同坡度的斜坡底床，觀察其自由液面演變情形，並探討在不同相位下的瞬時流場及堤面波壓分佈情形。由自由液面與水下流速的演變，可看出有部分駐波的現象發生。邊界層流場存在回流 (reverse flow) 現象，為自由液面高程差所影響。由堤面波壓可知，波壓正負向與其對應的自由液面高程變化有關。此外，為定性研究週期波浪長時間作用於斜坡底床的波流場特性，本文亦探討各條件下的週期平均流場及堤前底床最大剪應力。結果顯示在斜坡坡面上存在類似穩環流胞 (steady recirculating cell) 的現象。

In present study, a 2-D numerical viscous wave flume was applied to represent the characteristic of wave and flow field as regular waves run-up on a sloping bed. The unsteady, two-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the turbulence model ( model) were solved for simulating the behavior of real fluid. The level set method and the particle level set method were adopted to capture the complex free surface evolution. The Mass-Conserved Boundary Method (MCBM) was applied to represent the fluid-solid interaction in the vicinity of irregular solid boundary under the Cartesian grid system. This study is proposing to investigate the wave run-ups with different incident regular waves and bed slopes. The free-surface evolutions, the flow fields and the wave pressures on the sloping bed are discussed. Partial standing waves and the reverse flows within boundary layer are reproduced in this study. The evolutions of wave pressure on the sloping bed are related to the instantaneous wave elevations. Furthermore, steady recirculating cell are detected from the mean velocity field upon the sloping bed.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
符號表 X
第一章 序論 1
1-1 研究目的 1
1-2 前人研究 2
1-2-1 規則波溯升 2
1-2-2 不規則波 3
1-2-3 孤立波 4
1-3 本文組織架構 5
第二章 理論分析 6
2-1 控制方程式 7
2-2 無因次化處理 10
2-3等位函數法及質點等位函數法 12
2-4質量守恆邊界法 13
2-4-1邊界速度(Boundary velocity)的計算 13
2-4-2守恆速度(Conservative velocity)的計算 14
2-5邊界條件與初始條件 16
2-5-1自由液面運動邊界條件 16
2-5-2自由液面動力邊界條件 16
2-5-3底床固體邊界條件 17
2-5-4初始條件 17
第三章 數值方法 18
3-1計算網格之配置 19
3-2 控制方程式之離散化 19
3-3 速度與壓力之耦合 24
3-3-1純流體區域中速度與壓力的耦合 24
3-3-2 固體邊界附近速度與壓力的耦合 25
3-4自由液面邊界條件的處理 27
3-4-1等位函數的處理 27
3-4-2等位函數重佈過程 29
3-5 計算流程 31
第四章 結果與討論 32
4-1波浪作用於斜坡之驗證 32
4-2數值模擬規則波於斜坡之溯升 36
4-2-1數值水槽設置及波浪條件 36
4-2-2網格配置 40
4-2-3 規則波之溯升高度 41
4-2-4規則波溯升瞬時流場分析 42
4-2-5規則波溯升平均流場 58
4-2-6堤前底床最大剪應力 63
第五章 結論與建議 65
5-1 結論 65
5-2 建議 66
參考文獻 67

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