臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來生態意識抬頭，以生態為基礎、安全為導向的生態工法被廣泛利用，以減少對自然環境造成傷害、落實生物多樣性保育及永續發展。其中魚類偏好之棲息地環境常為溪流棲息地保護與復育的重要一環。棲息地環境會隨水深、流速、溶氧、水質等物理化學因子不同而異，除物理及化學因子外，亦會隨魚類的互動關係如消費層級、魚類食性、對水質的偏好等而有所不同。本研究模式同時探討物理環境因子與生物因子與棲息地環境的關聯性，並找出與棲息地環境相單位棲息地相關的重要因子。
本研究目標在於發展溪流棲息地模擬模式，以後堀溪及五溝水為研究案例，結合過往魚類採樣及生態調查結果，調查的尺度為微棲息地尺度（單位棲息地）。運用魚類個體生態矩陣分析魚類資料以了解魚類對個環境因子的需求。另將單位棲息地調查結果之水深及流速利用模糊控制理論（fuzzy control）進行分類，分成淺灘、淺湍瀨、深潭、深湍瀨四類型。結合上述兩者擴大棲息地尺度以便往後本模式可以適用於大型的棲息地採樣資料。不同組合的大型棲息地魚類群落並不相同，偏好棲息地環境也有所差異，為了解大型棲息地魚類群落與各棲息地環境的關係，分別利用線性迴歸（linear regression, LR）與類神經網路（artificial neural networks, ANNs），建立棲息地模擬模式，推測大型棲息地中各棲息地類型比例、平均水深及平均流速，以及找出影響其數值的相關環境因子，並且比較線性迴歸模式及類神經網路模式的優劣。
透過本研究魚類與棲息地關係模式的應用，可提供河川管理者依不同的魚種選擇適合的棲息地類型與生態復育設計的參考依據，以達到維護生態保護的目標。

Recently, more and more people realize the importance of Ecology. For river restoration, ecological engineering projects that providing more suitable habitats for fish community are being designed. To sustain fish population and maintain biodiversity, understanding the relationship between fish community and physical habitat of rivers plays an important role.
This study proposes a simplified method to estimate the mesohabitat composition that would favor members of a given set of fish species. Sampling data were collected form HouKu River and WuGouShui River, Taiwan. Using an autecology matrix to identify the critical environmental factors for fish and fuzzy control theory which including depth and velocity as inputs to classify habitats as shallow pool, shallow riffle, deep pool, and deep riffle. Linear regression (LR) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to run the fish habitat models which are based on fish data, abiotic data and an autecology matrix. The result shows that ANNs is an appropriate tool for modeling the relationship between fish and habitat. The models results constitute a reference condition that can be used to guide stream restoration and ecological engineering decisions aimed at maintaining the natural ecological integrity and diversity of rivers.

摘要 I
Extended Abstract II
謝誌 III
目錄 VIII
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XII
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 論文架構 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 魚類與棲息地的關係 4
2-2 溪流棲息地分類標準 5
2-3 類神經網路 8
2-4 溪流棲息地模擬 9
第三章 研究方法與理論 11
3-1 魚類個體生態矩陣 11
3-1-1 魚類個體生態矩陣架構 11
3-1-2 魚類個體生態矩陣之建立 14
3-2 模糊控制系統 17
3-2-1 傳統集合與模糊集合 17
3-2-2 模糊推論系統 19
3-3 類神經網路 22
3-3-1 類神經網路的基本架構 23
3-3-2 倒傳遞類神經網路 25
第四章 研究案例 28
4-1 研究區域概述 28
4-1-1 研究區域河川環境特性 28
4-1-2 資料之建置 30
4-2 溪流棲息地模擬架構建立 31
4-2-1 魚類個體生態矩陣分析 32
4-2-2 運用模糊控制理論於棲息地分類 35
4-2-3 大型棲息地模擬 40
4-3 棲息地環境推估模式 41
4-3-1 迴歸模式架構 42
4-3-2 類神經模式架構 43
4-3-3 模式評鑑指標 44
第五章 結果與討論 46
5-1 單位棲息地分類 46
5-2 魚類環境需求矩陣 52
5-3 棲息地環境推估模式結果與分析 55
5-3-1 迴歸模式推估結果與分析 55
5-3-2 類神經模式推估結果與分析 62
5-3-3 迴歸模式與類神經模式成果比較 68
5-4 運用模式做歷史資料推估 74
第六章 結論與建議 77
6-1 結論 77
6-2 建議 78
參考文獻 79

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