臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

This study examines the causal relationship between gross domestic product (GDP), exports, energy consumption (EC) and CO2 emissions in Thailand and Malaysia for the period of 1965 to 2010. There are the same empirical results for Thailand and Malaysia. Results show six bidirectional causality relationships between GDP and exports, GDP and EC, GDP and CO2 emissions, exports and EC, exports and CO2 emissions, as well as EC and CO2 emissions. The finding of this research has powerful policy implication for Thailand and Malaysia. The policy makers are under pressure from the environmental representatives to reduce emissions although the state still faces enormous challenge to improve its income. Therefore, GDP, exports and CO2 emissions are associated with EC. Also, energy consumption, exports or GDP will cause to CO2 emissions then policy makers in Thailand or Malaysia encounter a main dilemma as the environmental degradation through CO2 emissions would worsen the life in the long-run. The policy makers should pay higher attention to invest energy infrastructure, encourage using less polluting or renewable energy sources, educate public awareness, upgrade energy efficiency, or offer tax credit to meet the increasing energy demands but can promote economic growth and exports at the same time.

This study examines the causal relationship between gross domestic product (GDP), exports, energy consumption (EC) and CO2 emissions in Thailand and Malaysia for the period of 1965 to 2010. There are the same empirical results for Thailand and Malaysia. Results show six bidirectional causality relationships between GDP and exports, GDP and EC, GDP and CO2 emissions, exports and EC, exports and CO2 emissions, as well as EC and CO2 emissions. The finding of this research has powerful policy implication for Thailand and Malaysia. The policy makers are under pressure from the environmental representatives to reduce emissions although the state still faces enormous challenge to improve its income. Therefore, GDP, exports and CO2 emissions are associated with EC. Also, energy consumption, exports or GDP will cause to CO2 emissions then policy makers in Thailand or Malaysia encounter a main dilemma as the environmental degradation through CO2 emissions would worsen the life in the long-run. The policy makers should pay higher attention to invest energy infrastructure, encourage using less polluting or renewable energy sources, educate public awareness, upgrade energy efficiency, or offer tax credit to meet the increasing energy demands but can promote economic growth and exports at the same time.

ABSTRACT ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．iv
LIST OF TABLES．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．vii
LIST OF FIGURES ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．viii
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1.1 Research Background and Motivation．．．．．．．．．．．．1
1.2 Economic Overview and Energy Issue in Thailand．．．．．4
1.3 Economic Overview and Energy Issue in Malaysia．．．．．6
1.4 Research Objectives．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．7
1.5 Scope of Study．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
1.6 Research Procedure．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．8
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．10
2.1. Empirical Literature．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．11
CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．25
3.1 Unit Root Test．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．27
3.2 Optimum Lag Length Selection．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29
3.3 Co-integration Test．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．30
3.4 Granger Causality Test．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．34
CHAPTER FOUR EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．37
4.1 Unit Root Test Results．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 42
4.2 Optimal Lag Length Selection Results．．．．．．．．．．． 44
4.3 Co-integration Test Results．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 45
4.4 Granger Causality Test Results．．．．．．．．．．．．． 48
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS．．．．．．．．．．．．．．56
5.1 Conclusions．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．56
5.2 Policy Implications for Thailand and Malaysia．．．．．．．59
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