臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

運用供應鏈建立良好的合作關係及配銷體系為企業提升競爭力的重要手段，故近來供應鏈管理受到學者們熱烈的討論。然而，善用目前進步的資訊技術，以提供有效的資訊支援及供應鏈成員之間的有效資訊交換，為供應鏈成功的重要關鍵。在資訊系統建立之前，必需從組織觀點進行資訊需求分析，方能有效連結跨組織的成員及其相關業務活動、整合資訊技術資源，進而有效提升供應鏈之整體效能及效率。目前有關供應鏈與資訊整合方面的文獻，尚未從整體供應鏈角度進行資訊需求分析。然而，航太工業之產業關聯性範圍涵蓋電機、電子、機械、材料、化工與管理行為，故其技術複雜性高。同時，其相關產業由於需符合全球性產品性能之需求，並且特別注意安全之考量，所以有別於一般的傳統產業。航太產業其產品發展期程長、樣少量多、且產品的附加價值高，故當某一種飛機在開發，必須要深思熟慮，否則會影響其未來之收益。本研究試圖以資訊技術的方法從原物料的生產至產品交到客戶手中，都能加以全面性的考量，將其上下游廠商作一整合，以期能加速、創新整個生產配送流程，俾更能迎合顧客需求，故有必要將其設計成為供應鏈管理之資訊需求模式。
據此，本研究擬以我國航太產業為例，建立供應鏈管理的模式。供應鏈的基本組成，除本身及上游供應商與下游顧客之外，還包含有代理商、運輸公司等單位，由於整合的單位較多，涵蓋顧客需求、供應商績效、製造、運輸等一系列不確定相當高的業務，使得供應鏈管理成為複雜的問題；同時供應鏈牽涉跨組織的文化、溝通，亦即強調人性化的考量，故本研究擬運用ETHICS資訊需求分析方法導出資訊內容與管道需求。
此外，為因應目標主觀與模糊的特性，再引入模糊理論來輔助ETHICS資訊需求分析中，目標的選定和權重的給與，以達成建立一套完整的供應鏈資訊需求架構。資訊需求分析的結果，可做為資訊資源規劃的基礎，指引資訊技術投入的優先順序，並可以與供應鏈策略或與組織再造工程相配合，對跨組織資訊系統的策略規劃，也有相當之助益。

Applying Information Technology (IT) to integrate the supply chain member and improve their cooperative relationship is an effective way of getting competitive advantage. Good planning on adopting suitable IT for supply chain decision support and information exchange is the key for such integration and improvement. An organizational Information Requirement Analysis (IRA) for supply chain management is needed prior to IT planning and resource allocation.
Take the aviation industry as a case study; this research adopts ETHICS (Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Computer-Based Systems) as IRA methodology and represents the technical results as information system architecture. Both technical and social factors are considered in requirement analysis and represented in terms of business process, data & network, control, and information technology architectures. At the same time, use Fuzzy Theory to help building the weight of the objections, which is selected by experts.
The results can effectively guide the information resource planning and fit the process change over the supply chain member, and meaningful implications for interorganizational information systems planning are also provided.

第一章 序論
第一節 研究背景……………………………………………1
第二節 研究動機……………………………………………2
第三節 研究目的……………………………………………3
第四節 研究架構……………………………………………5
第五節 研究流程……………………………………………6
第六節 研究限制……………………………………………8
第二章 文獻探討
第一節供應鏈定義與應用範圍 ……………………………9
第二節資訊需求分析概念 …………………………………23
第三節資訊需求分析方法及選取 …………………………25
第四節模糊理論概念 ………………………………………33
第三章 研究方法
第一節ETHICS 實施步驟 …………………………………37
第二節模糊理論方法之進行步驟 …………………………41
第四章 我國飛機製造相關產業發展現況
第一節相關產品及產業特性 ………………………………47
目錄
第二節航太產業之供應鏈 …………………………………51
第三節航太產業未來分析 …………………………………54
第五章 研究結果與分析
第一節資訊需求中各目標變數分析 ………………………56
第二節ETHICS研究步驟描述及其結果 ……………………60
第三節提出解案 ……………………………………………64
第六章 結論建議
第一節 結論…………………………………………………77
第二節 建議…………………………………………………80
參考文獻…………………………………………………………82
附錄一
附錄二

1.王立志（1999），「系統化運籌與供應鏈管理」，滄海書局。
2.王敬毅（2000），「整合供應鏈進入e時代」，工業自動化，17期，頁12-17。
3.江仁鴻（2000），「應用模糊理論於軟體品質評估之研究」，國防管理學院資管研究所碩士論文。
4.吳政達（1998），「國民小學教師評鑑指標體系建構之研究」，政治大學教育研究所碩士論文。
5.吳培基（1999），「全球運籌管理策略之研究─以台灣電子資訊業為例」，大同事業經營研究所碩士論文。
6.林宜萱（1996），「低溫物流顧客服務與服務品質之探討一以連鎖便利商店對低溫物流中心為例」，台灣大學商學研究所碩士論文，頁13。
7.徐村和、李達章（1997），「模糊產品投資組合模式」，管理學報，第4卷第2期，頁263-286。
8.徐村和、楊宗欣（民85），「模糊綜合評判應用於人力資源管理之研究」，輔仁管理評論，第2期，頁85-100。
9.袁國榮（1996），「以供應鏈模式分析產業競爭優勢---以我國紡織產業為例」，交通大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。
10.張定原（1999），「電子商務應用與供應鏈管理互動及關連性之研究---以台灣個人電腦相關產業為例」，朝陽大學企研所碩士論文。
11.張保隆等（1997），生產管理，華泰書局。
12.曹勝雄、王國欽（1998），「以模糊觀點評估業務員績效之研究」，東吳經濟商學學報，第20期，頁47-69。
13.許政傑（1998），「全球供應鏈管理策略之研究---以台灣電腦業為例」，政治大學企管系碩士論文。
14.陳志忠（1998），「大陸地區台商內銷鞋品物流管理策略之探討」，成功大學交管所碩士論文。
15.陳俊叡（2000），「南部第二國際機場關鍵成功因素之研究」，長榮管理學院經營管理研究所碩士論文。
16.陳慧娟、陳志騰、陳英傑（1999），「物流供應鏈之輸配送決策支援系統」，1999國際物流研討會論文集。
17.陳曉玲（1994），「航空站區位選擇研究」，成功大學交管所碩士論文。
18.陳鎮江（1996），「資訊密集與部門結構關連性探討」，企業管理學報，第三十八期，頁103-130。
19.楊憶萱（1996），「模糊專家系統在不動產估價之應用」，朝陽大學財務金融研究所碩士論文。
20.廖正時（1999），「國內飛機製造相關產業間共生型態與最適聯盟策略之研究」，朝陽大學企管研究碩士論文。
21.梁修福（1996），「國內航空客運業產能規模之研究」，中山大學企管研究所碩士論文。
22.編輯部（1996），「模糊數學入門」，九章出版社。
23.鄭盛耀（1998），「跨國採購-實務操演手冊」，科技圖書公司，頁21-27。
24.蕭志銘（1999），「供應鏈中各環節績效指標對整體績效之影響」，中正大學資管所碩士論文。
25.賴彬桂，台灣地區商業物流發展課題與因應策略探討，www.mosa.gov.tw/~wbook/season/sa412.htm.
26.韓復華（1994），「運籌策略與管理」，中國生產力中心第四屆流通顧問師班訓練課程講義。
27.簡瑞興（1998），「建築工程隔間系統評選模式之研究」，台灣科技大學營建工程研究所碩士論文。
28.蘇雄義（1999），「供應鏈整合: 觀念性分析架構、整合程序與個案」，1999國際物流研討會論文集。
29.Attewell, P. & Rulw, J.（1984）, “Computer and Organizations: What We Know and What We Don’t Know”, Communications of the ACM. 27, Dec, pp. 1184-4492.
30.Avison, D. E. & Taylor, V. (1997), “Information Systems Development Methodologies: A Classification According to Problem Situation”, Journal of Information Technology. 12, pp. 73-81.
31.Bagchi, P. K. (1992), “International Logistics Information Systems”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. 22（9）, pp. 11-19.
32.Bakos, J. Y. & Treacy, M. E.（1986）, ” Information Technology and Corporate Strategy: A Research Perspective’ MIS Quarterly, June, pp. 106-119.
33.Ballou, R. H.（1992）,”Business Logistics Engineering and Management”, Prentice Hall.
34.Beier, F. J. （1995） “The Management of The Supply Chain for Hospital Pharmacies: A focus on Inventory Management Practices”, Journal of Business Logistics. 16（2）, pp. 153-173.
35.Blau, P. M. & Schoengerr, R. （1971）, “The Structure of Organizations, Basic Book”, New York.
36.Bookbinder, J. H. & Barkhpuse, C. I. （1993）, “An Information System for Simultaneous Consolidation of Inbound and Outbound Shipments”, Transportation Journal, sum, 1993, pp. 5-20.
37.Bowersox, D. J. & David, J. C.（1996）, “Logistical Management---The Integrated Supply Chain Process, McGraw---Hill.
38.Bowersox, D. J. & Parricia, J. D.（1996）, “Logistics Paradigms: The Impact of Information Technology, Journal of Business Logistics. 16（1）, pp. 65-80.
39.Bowman, B. & Davis, G. B. & Wetherbe, J.（1983）, ”Three Stage model of MIS Planning, ”Info. & Management, Feb, p. 15.
40.Browman, B. et al. (1983), “Three Stage Model of MIS Planning”, Information & Management. 6, pp. 11-25.
41.Carer, J. R. & Ferrin, B. G.（1995）,”The Impact of Transportation Costs on Supply Chain Management”, Journal of Business Logistics. 16 （1）, pp.189-212.
42.Chang, P. T. & Lee, E. S.（1995）, ”The Estimation of Normalized Fuzzy Weights”, Computer Math Application. 29（5）, pp.21-24.
43.Chang, S. J. & Hwang, C. L.（1992）, “Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making”, New York: Springer.
44.Chatfield, A. T. & Yetton, P. （2000）, ”Strategic Payoff form EDI as a Function of EDI Embedded ness”, Journal of Management Information System. 16, pp. 195~244.
45.Clark, T. H. & Stoddard, D. B. (1996), “Interorganizational Business Process Redesign: Merging Technological and Process Innovation”, Journal of Management Information Systems. 13（2）, pp. 9-28
46.Cooper, M. C. et al. (1997), “Supply Chain Management: More Than a New Name for Logistics”, The International Journal of Logistics Management. 8（1）, pp. 1-14.
47.Cooper, R. B. & Swanson, E. B.（1979）, “Mgt. Info. Requirements Assessment：The state of he Art”, Data Base, Fall , p. 5.
48.Crawford Jr, A. B.（1982）, “Corporate Electronic Mail： A Communication Intensive Application of Information System”. Journal of Operations Management 6（4）, pp. 41-60.
49.Davis, G. B. & Margrethe H.（1985）, “Management Information Systems”, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book, Co.
50.Dewey, A. M. & Bolton, R. （1999）, “Virtual Enterprise and Emissary Computing Technology ”, International Journal of Electronic Commerce. 4（1）, pp. 45~64.
51.Dickson, G. W. & Leitheiser, R. LJ. C. Wetherbe.（1984） “Key Info. Issue for the 1980’s” MISQ, Sept, p. 137.
52.Dickson, G. W. & Sprague, Jr. R. H.（1980）, “A Short History of the Info. Sys. Area: an academic Perspective”1st Conference on I. S., Philadelphia. PA, DEC, pp. 8-10.
53.Dubois, D. & Prade, H. (1978),“Operation on Fuzzy Numbers”, International Journal of Systems Science. 9 （3）, pp. 357-360.
54.Duysters, G. et al.（1999）, ‘ A Network Approach to Alliance Management”, European Management Journal. 17（12）, pp. 182-187.
55.Eero, E. et al.（1995）, “Fast Flexible and Cooperative Supply Chain-Key Issues for the Survival of European Industry”, Production Planning & Control. 6（3）, pp. 238-248.
56.Ellram, L. M.（1990）,”Supply Chain Management –The Industrial Organization Perspective”, Supply Chain Management.63（3）, pp. 13-22.
57.Feraud, G.T. (1998), “Improving Strategic Decision Making in Logistics Information Management: A Framework”, Logistics Information Management. 11（4）, pp. 232-243.
58.Galloway, I. （1996）, “Design for Support and Support the Design: Integrated Logistic Support─the Business Case, Logistics Information Management. 9（1）, pp. 24-31.
59.Greis, N.P. & Kasarda, J. D. (1997), “Enterprise Logistics in the Information Age”, California Management Review. 39（3）, pp. 55-78.
60.Guedes, P. et al. (1995), “Logistics Strategy Planning: Modeling and Decision Support Techniques for the 1990s”, International Journal of Logistics Management. 6（1）, pp. 37-50.
61.Handfield, B. R. & Nichols, E. L.（1999）, “Introduction to Supply Chain Management”, Prentice Hall.
62.Harrington, L. （1995）, “Logistics Agent for Change: Shaping the Integrated Supply Chain ”, Traffic & Distribution, January, pp. 30-34.
63.Heinz, K. K.（1994）, ”Realizing Emancipator Principles in Information System Development ：The Case for ETHICS, Mis Quarterly .3, pp. 83-109.
64.Higginson, J. K. & Alam, A. (1997), “Supply Chain Management: Techniques in medium-to-Small Manufacturing Firms”, The International Journal of Logistics Management. 8（2）, pp. 19-31.
65.Houlihan, J. （1984）, “Supply Chain Management”, Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference of the British Production and Inventory Control Society, pp. 101-110.
66.Isaac, D.（1985）, “Productivity Form Computers”, Management Today, UK. Jan.
67.Jain, R.（1976）, “Decision-Making in the Presence of Fuzzy Variables”, IEEE Transactions on systems Man and Cybernetics. 6, pp. 698-703.
68.James, E. W. & Christopher, A. H. （1993）, ”MIS Integration：A Framework for Management”, Journal of System Management. 2, pp. 32-37.
69.Kambil, A. & Short, J. E. (1994), “Electronic Integration and Business Network Redesign: A Role_linkage Perspective”, Journal of Management Information Systems. 10（4）, pp. 59-83.
70.Kaufmann, A. & Gupta, M. M.（1991）,”Introduction to Fuzzy Arithmetic Theory and Application, New York：Van Npstrand Reinhold.
71.Leavitt, H. & Whisler, T.（1958）, “Management in the 1980’s”, Harvard Business Review, Nov-Dec, pp. 41-48.
72.Lederer, A. L. & Mendelow, A. L.（1986）, “Issues in Information System Planning “, Information & Management. 10, pp. 245-254.
73.Lederer, A. L. & Mendelow, A. L.（1989a）,”Coordination of Information System Plan with Business Plans”, Journal of Information Systems.6（2）, pp. 5-9.
74.Lee, H. G. & Clark, T. H. (1996), “Market Process Reengineering through Electronic Market Systems: Opportunities and Challenges”, Journal of Management Information Systems. 13（3）, pp. 113-136.
75.Lee, H. L. & Billington, C. （1992）, “Management Supply Chain Inventory: Pitfalls and Opportunities”, Sloan Management Review, Spring, pp.65-73.
76.Lee, H. L. & Sasser, M. M. （1995）, “Product Universality and Deign for Supply Cain”, Production Planning & Control. 6（3）, pp. 258-269.
77.Lewis, I. & Talalayevsky, A. (1997), “Logistics and Information technology: A Coordination perspective”, Journal of Business Logistics. 18（1）, pp. 141-157.
78.Lewis, J. C. & Naim, M.M. （1995）, “Benchmarking of Afrermarket Supply Chain”, Production Planning & Control. 6（3）, pp.258-269.
79.Liang, G. H. & Wang, M. J. (1991), “A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Method for Facility Site Selection”, International Journal of Production Research. 29（11）, pp. 2313-2330.
80.Mason-Tones, R. & Towill, D. R. (1998), “Time Compression in the Supply Chain: Information Management is the Vital Ingredient” Logistic Information Management. 11（2）, pp. 93-104.
81. McCutchion, D. & Stuart, F. I.（2000）, “Issues in the Choice of Supplier Alliance Partners”, Journal of Operation Management. 8, pp. 279-301.
82.Mentzer, J. T. & Schroeter, J. (1994), “Integrating Logistics Forecasting Techniques, Systems, and Administration: The Multiple Forecasting System”, Journal of Business Logistics. 15（2）, pp. 205-225.
83.Mumford, E. （1983）, Designing Human Systems for New Technology---The ETHICS Methos, Manchester Business School.
84.Mumford, E.（1985）, “Define System Requirements to meet Business Need：a Case Study Example”, The Computer Journal. 28（2）, pp. 97-104.
85.Mumford, E.（1985）, “Defining System Requirement to Meet Business Needs:A case Study , The Computer Journal. 28（2）.
86.Naim, M. M. & Towill, D. R. (1994), “Establishing a Framework for Effective Materials Logistics Management”, The International Journal of Logistics Management. 5（1）, pp. 81-88.
87.O’Callaghan, R. et al. (1995), “Adoption Correlates and Share Effects of EDI Systems in Marketing Channels”, Journal of marketing, Apr, pp. 45-56.
88.Olson, M. H.（1982）, “ New Information Technology and Organizational Culture”, MIS Quarterly Special Issue, pp. 71-92.
89.Paul, M. & Bulte Christophe Van den（1994）,”Getting Closer and Nicer: Partnerships in the Supply Chain”, Long Range Planning, pp. 72-83.
90.Pefer, J. & Salancil, G.（1978）, “ The External Control of Organizations”, New York: Harper & Row.
91.Pierre, D. P. et al.（1998）, Global Operations and Logistics Text and Case, 1st Ed, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, pp. 20-45.
92.Poiroer, C. C. & Reiter, S. E.（1996）, “Supply Chain Optimization---Building the Strongest Total Business Network”, 1st, San Francisco, CA:Berrett-Koehler.
93.Porter, M. E. （1985）, “Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Super Performance”, New York, N. Y.: the Free Press.
94.Ravi, K. & Andrew, W.（1997）, Electronic Commerce a Management’s Guide, 1st Ed., Addison Wesley, pp. 105-113.
95.Riggins, F. J. & Mukhopadhyay, T. (1994), “Interdependent Benefits from Interorganizational Systems: Opportunities for Business Partner Reengineering”, Journal of Management Information Systems. 11（2）, pp. 37-57.
96.Roberts, B. & Mackay, M.（1998）, “IT Supporting Supplier Relationship： The Role of Electronic Commerce “, European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management.4, pp. 175-184.
97.Scott, C. & Westbrook, R.（1991）,”New Strategic Tool for Supply Chain Management”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. 21（1）,pp. 23-32.
98.Stenger, A. J. (1986), “Information Systems in Logistics Management: Past, Present, & Future”, Transportation Journal, Fall, 1986, pp. 65-82
99.Stevens, B. （1989）, “Integrating the Supply Chain “, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management.19, pp. 3-8.
100.Stock, J. R. (1990), “Managing Computer, Communication and Information Technology Strategically: Opportunities and Challenges for Warehousing”, Logistics and Transportation Review. 26（2）, pp. 133-148.
101.Stuart, F. & David, M. M.（2000）, ”The Manager’s Guide to Supply Chain Management”, Business HorisonsMarch-April, pp. 35-45.
102.Tan, R. R. & Lung, S. S. （1990）, “ Automating the Supply Chain in Taiwan”, Long Range Planning. 27（4）, pp. 99-111.
103.Tom, A.（1996）, “ Forge a New Role in The Supply”, Transportation & Distribution. 37（2）, pp. 107-110.
104.Venkartaman, N. & Ramanujam, V.（1986）, ‘Measurement of Busoness Performance on Strategy Research: A Comparison of Approach”, Academy of Management Review. 11（4）, pp. 808-814.
105.Walton, L. W. & Miller, L. G. (1995), “Moving toward LIS Theory Development: A Framework of Technology Adoption within Channel”, Journal of Business Logistics. 16（2）, pp. 117-135.
106.Wikner, J. et al. (1991), “Smoothing Supply Chain Dynamics”, International Journal of Production Economics. 22, pp. 231-248.
107.Williams, L. R. (1994), “Understanding Distribution Channels: An Interorganizational Study of EDI Adoption”, Journal of Business Logistics. 15（2）, pp. 173-203.
108.Woollaston, H.（1983）, “ Computer: How They May Change the Traditional Office Concept”, Accountancy, Nov, pp. 58-60.
109.Yadav, S. B.（1983）, “Determining an Organization’s Info. Requirements: a State of the Art Survey” Date Base, Spring, pp. 3-24.
110.Yadav, S. B.（1983）,” a Methodology for modeling an Organization to Determine & Derive I. S. Requirement “, Unpublished Ph. D. Dissertation, Georgia Stste Vniv.
111.Young, D. et al. (1999), “Strategic Implications of Electronic Linkages”, Information Systems Management, Win, pp. 32-39.
112.Zadeh, L. A. (1965), “Fuzzy Sets”, Information and Control. 8, pp. 338-353.
113.Zimbalist, A.（1979）“Eds. Case Studies On the Labor Process ”, Monthly Review, New York.