臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

十九世紀英國維多利亞時期興起一股成長小說的風潮，查理斯‧狄更斯的自傳小說《大期待》反映出當時資本主義的形成造成許多不正當的社會價值觀，以及人們盲目追求社會地位的現象。 雖然如此，《大期待》中的主角匹柏仍然努力在現實環境中保有自我純真的道德本性。 本篇論文主要應用俄國批評家巴赫汀的對話論，來探討查理斯‧狄更斯的小說《大期待》中的自我主體性議題。 巴赫汀指出，從史詩的敘述到小說的敘述，歐洲文明進入「多語言的交流與接觸。」 自我主體的建構是一個與他者相互對話的過程，因為個體存在著不完整性和不確定性，所以必須實現與他者的相互對話和交流，才能真正展現出來。 在《大期待》中我們發現，因為資本主義造成自我和社會一股疏離感。 匹柏在接受社會價值觀，並且努力作一個紳士之後發現，他不僅失去自我而且與周遭的環境、和他者的關係也更加疏離了。 這說明了一個現象，那就是在現實的衝擊之下，自我強烈地意識到他者的聲音的存在和確立自我主體性的必要性，最後達到巴赫汀所說的“對話性”的主體。
本篇論文主要分為四個章節，緒論首先闡述巴赫汀對於小說的對話論，和維多利亞時代小說的「多聲語言」的特色。從巴赫汀的理論解讀《大期待》的主體論。 第一章研究自我在社會環境中的疏離感，並且探討狄更斯對維多利亞時代的社會批判。 第二章探討自我和他者錯綜複雜的對話關係，包括在小說當中主角之間的對話關係，並且觀察在自我主體的建構上，他者所扮演的角色，以及他者協助自我完成主體建構的過程。 第三章是自我主體透過與他者的對話和交流，達到一個對話性的主體，化解文化上的矛盾和衝突，透過這樣的關係，可以了解自我主體建構的過程。 最後一章是結論。 總結巴赫汀的思想，自我的主體性無法脫離與他者或社會群體而單獨存在，唯有建立對話性的主體，透過價值交換和傳播的過程，才能真正展現自我的主體性，並且重新拾回自我的道德意識。

The so-called Bildungsromane or education novels are blooming in the nineteenth-century in the Victorian era of England. Charles Dickens’ autobiographical novel Great Expectations reflects the background of the era as well as strong individualism. The rise of capitalism leads to misdirected social values and people during this age were eager to long for wealth as well as social status, regardless of any moral concern. Nevertheless, Pip, the protagonist of Great Expectations, makes a great effort to regain his own instinct sincerely and keep his morality intact. This thesis attempts to investigate the quest for self-identity of Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations via M. M. Bakhtin’s dialogism. “From the narration of epic to that of novel, the European civilization enters into international and translingual contacts and relationships,” as Bakhtin points out. The reconstruction of the self is a process of having dialogues with the other. Under these circumstances, the real subjectivity can be fulfilled. In Great Expectations, we can readily find out that as a result of capitalism, man is alienated from the community. After accepting the social values and becoming a “gentleman,” Pip realizes that he is even much more alienated from the society and the other people around him. It is in this environment that man realizes the existence of “the other” and the necessity of retaining self-identity. Through the positive relationship with other people, according to Bakhtin, man will achieve a “dialogic” subjectivity.
This thesis consists of four chapters. The Introduction is related to a Bakhtinian interpretation of the ontology in Great Expectations. Bakhtin’s discourse of the novel and the “intersubjectivity” of the Victorian fiction will also be touched on. Chapter One deals with the alienation of the self, including Charles Dickens’ critique on the Victorian society. Chapter Two focuses on the more complex dialogic relationship between the self and the other. As we know, the individual cannot achieve the reproduction of the self without the help of the other. Therefore, in Chapter Three, I will examine the (re)construction of the self. Chapter Four will be the conclusion. To sum up, the self-centered subjectivity, according to Bakhtin, cannot exist alone in the community. The integrity of the self-hood of each person depends on relations to other people. Through value exchange and communicative processes, man will establish a dialogic subjectivity with others.

INTRODUCTION A Bakhtinian Interpretation of the Ontology in
Great Expectations................1
CHAPTER ONE Charles Dickens’ Critique on the Human
Relationship: Alienation of the Self in Society....20
CHAPTER TWO The Dialogic Relationship between the Self and
the Other.........46
CHAPTER THREE The (Re)Construction of the Self: Toward
Incomplete Dialogues...........72
CONCLUSION....................................95
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY.........................101

Selected Bibliography
I Primary Source:
Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. Ed. Tim Seward. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 1995.
II.Secondary Sources:
Allingham, Philip V. “Patterns of Deception in Huckleberry Finn and Great Expectations.” Nineteenth-Century Literature 46.4 (March 1992): 447-72.
Bakhtin, Mikhail M. The Dialogic Imagination. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Ed. Michael Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981.
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---. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Trans. and Ed. Caryl Emerson. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1984.
Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views: Charles Dickens. New York: Chelsea Publishers, 1987.
Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Fiction. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1983.Buckley, Jerome Hamilton. Season of Youth: The Bildungsroman from Dickens to Golding. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1974.
Cardiner, Michael. The Dialogues of Critique: M. M. Bakhtin and the Theory of Ideology. London: Routledge, 1992.
Cheadle, Brian. “Sentiment and Resentment in Great Expectations.” Dickens Studies Annual 20 (1991): 149-74.
Craig, David M. “The Interplay of City and Self in Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, and Great Expectations.” Dickens Studies Annual 16 (1987): 17-38.
Crawford, Iain. “‘Pip and the Monster’: The Joys of Bondage.” Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 28.4 (1988): 625-48.
Dentith, Simon. Bakhtinian Thought: An Introductory Reader. London: Routledge, 1995.
Forster John. The Life of Charles Dickens. Ed. J. W. Ley. London: Cecil Palmer, 1928.
Gardiner, Michael. The Dialogues of Critique: M. M. Bakhtin and the Theory of Ideology. London: Routledge, 1992.
Gilbert, Elliot L. “‘In Primal Sympathy’: Great Expectations and the Secret Life.” Dickens Studies Annual 11 (1983): 83-113.
Gilmour, Robin. The Novel in the Victorian Age: A Modern Introduction. London: Arnold P, 1986.
---. The Idea of the Gentleman in the Victorian Novel. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1981.
Hara, Eiichi. “Stories Present and Absent in Great Expectations.” ELH 53.3 (Fall 1986): 593-614.
Hardy, Barbara. The Moral Art of Dickens. London: The Athlone P, 1985.
Holbrook, David. “Great Expectations: A Radical Ambiguity about What One May Expect.” Charles Dickens and the Image of Woman. New York: New York UP, 1993. 126-46.
Holquist, Michael. Dialogism: Bakhtin and His World. London: Routledge, 1990.
Houston, Gail Turley. “‘Pip’ and ‘Property’: The (Re)Production of the Self in Great Expectations.” Studies in the Novel 24.1 (Spring 1992): 13-25.
Kotzin, Michael C. “Herbert Pocket as Pip’s Double.” Dickensian 79.2 (Summer 1983): 95-103.
Kusnetz, Ella. “‘This Leaf of My Life’: Writing and Play in Great Expectations.” Dickens Quarterly 10.3 (September 1993): 146-60.
Martin, Graham. Great Expectations. Philadelphia: Open UP, 1985.
Miller, J. Hillis. The Form of Victorian Fiction: Thackeray, Dickens, Trollope, George Eliot, Meridith, and Hardy. Cleveland: Arete P, 1979.
Morris, Pam. “Great Expectations: A Bought Self.” Dickens’s Class Consciousness: A Marginal View. London: Macmillan, 1991. 103-19.
Ousby, Ian. “Language and Gesture in Great Expectations.” Modern Language Review 72 (1977): 784-93.
Raina, Badri. Dickens and the Dialectic of Growth. Madison: The U of Wisconsin P, 1986.
Rainsford, Dominic. Authorship, Ethics and the Reader: Blake, Dickens, Joyce. London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1997.
Raphael, Linda. “A Re-vision of Miss Havisham: Her Expectations and Our Responses.” Studies in the Novel 21.4 (1989): 400-12.
Selby, Keith. How to Study a Charles Dickens Novel. London: Macmillan Ltd., 1989.
Smith, Grahame. Dickens, Money, and Society. Berkeley: California UP, 1968.
Spurgin, Timothy A. “‘It’s Me Wot Has Done It!’ Letters, Reviews, and Great Expectations.” Dickens Studies Annual 27 (1998): 187-205.
Tambling, Jeremy. Confession: Sexuality, Sin, the Subject. New York: Manchester UP, 1990.
Todorov, Tzvetan. Mikhail Bakhtin: The Dialogical Principle. Trans. Wlad Godzich. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1984.
Van Ghent, Dorothy. The English Novel: Form and Function. New York: Harper & Row, 1953.
Von Helen, Schmidt. “The Dark Abyss, the Broad Expanse: Versions of the Self in Jane Eyre and Great Expectations.” Dickens Quarterly 2.3 (1985): 84-92.
Walder, Dennis, ed. The Realist Novel. London: Routledge, 1995.
White, Allon. “Bakhtin, Sociolinguistics and Deconstruction.” The Theory of Reading. Ed. Frank Gloversmith. Brighton, UK: The Harester P, 1984. 123-46.
Wirth-Nesher, Hana. “The Literary Orphan as National Hero: Huck and Pip.” Dickens Studies Annual 15 (1986): 259-73.