臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

碳/碳複合材料具有優異的高溫機械性質，亦有重量輕，熱膨脹係數低，耐熱震，耐磨耗以及優異之生物相容性等特性，科技上常拿來應用於高溫結構材料、高速車輛剎車系統及生醫材料。然而以高分子樹脂當前驅體的緻密化製程其過程複雜且耗時造成其價格昂貴而限制了其廣泛應用於工業上。本次實驗以手積塗佈法加上真空袋熱壓成型法製造不同壓力下(未施加力量、20Kgf、40Kgf)之碳纖維/酚醛樹脂複合材料，將之碳化，石墨化後製出碳/碳複合材料，最後將奈米碳管混合酚醛樹脂溶液來進行緻密化製程，其中奈米碳管會經過超音波擊碎的前處理。經緻密化的碳/碳複合材料以三點抗折量測彎曲強度與模數；利用阿基米德法探討各階段空孔率及體密度和視密度；應用數據計算緻密化效率，並比較其緻密化效果；以FE-SEM觀察其破斷面；並進行短樑測試量測層間剪強度。實驗結果顯示，經第一次及第二次緻密化製程後，其空孔率明顯降低，而彎曲強度則有顯著提升；但第四次緻密化後其空孔率下降趨緩，緻密化效率也明顯下降。在添加奈米碳管的效應方面，緻密化初期空孔率仍高時，奈米碳管對於碳/碳複合材性質之影響尚未顯現，但隨緻密化次數增加，其效果則浮現，經四次緻密化後，電阻下降了6.3%，而經最終石墨化後，彎曲強度提升11.3%，層間檢強度提升18.6%。

In addition to good mechanical properties at high temperature, carbon/carbon (C/C) composites possess low density, low thermal expansion, good wear resistance, good thermal shock resistance and excellent biocompatibility. In technology applications, they are often used as high temperature structural materials, high-speed vehicle brake systems and biomaterials. However, the complicated and time consuming densification process when using polymer resin as the precursor, results in high processing cost and limits their wide applications in industry. In the study, hand lay-up and the vacuum bag hot pressing technique with different pressures (0/ 20Kgf/40Kgf) were used to fabricate the carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites. They were then carbonized and graphitized to convert into C/C composites. Finally, the C/C composites were densified using carbon nanotube dispersed phenolic resin solution. The flexural strength and modulus of the densified C/C composites were measured using three-point bending test. The porosity and the bulk and apparent density were characterized by the Archimedes method, then the data were used to calculate the efficiency of densification. The fracture surfaces of C/C composites were observed using FE-SEM. And short beam test was adapted to measure interlaminar shear strength. Experimental results show that after the first and second densification process, the porosity was significantly reduced, and the bending strength was significantly increased. However, the decrease of porosity slowed down after the fourth densification, and the densification efficiency also significantly decreased. For the effect of adding carbon nanotubes, the influence of carbon nanotubes on the properties of C/C composites has not been revealed at the beginning of the densification when the open porosity was high. With the increase of densification number, the effect is emerging. After the fourth densification, resistance of the composites decreased by 6.3%, while after the final graphitization enhancement of the bending strength by 11.3%, and the improvement of interlaminar shear strength by 18.6% were obtained.

目錄
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 X
1 第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究目的 3
2 第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 強化材-碳纖維 4
2.2 基材-酚醛樹脂 5
2.3 緻密方法-液相含浸法 7
2.4 奈米碳管的基本介紹 9
2.5 碳/碳複合材料 11
3 第三章 實驗材料與步驟 12
3.1 實驗材料選擇 12
3.2 實驗流程 12
3.3 實驗規範和檢測 21
4 第四章 結果與討論 27
4.1 實熱壓荷重對碳/碳複合材料來進行奈米碳管/酚醛樹脂緻密化的影響。 27
4.2 觀察碳/碳複合材料的裂縫大小，並擊碎奈米碳管，改變長度。以石墨塊鑽孔探討奈米碳管/酚醛樹脂來進行緻密化可能性。 32
4.3 利用超音波擊碎處理之奈米碳管/酚醛樹脂，來緻密碳/碳複合材料之實驗。 39
4.4 探討多次緻密化製程對碳/碳複合材料之影響。 49
4.5 以超音波擊碎(0、1.5、3hr)處理之奈米碳管/酚醛樹脂緻密無荷重模具熱成型法之碳/碳複合材。 62
4.6 短樑測試。 69
5 結論 79
參考資料 80

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