臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　傳統的生產平衡問題在計算方式上，採用將工作站內所有生產單元的作業時間相加不大於生產週程時間，此計算方式看似合理卻產生許多可避免的惰值。有鑑於此，本研究提出整合同步工程與JIT哲學下的生產線平衡技術，將同步生產的觀念帶到生產線佈置上，使工作站所產生的閒置率(平衡效率)降至最低(高)。由於考量到在同步生產的情況，生產單元的分配方式會愈形複雜，因此本研究提出四位置編碼(Four-Position Coding Technique)技術，將生產單元經過編碼後應用至LINGO軟體中，並透過LINGO語法下達限制，使擁有多組編碼的同一生產單元佈置到同一工作站內。此外，本研究建構出兩個非線性模式Idle Time-IT導向模式與Idle Rate-IR導向模式，其中IT導向模式是考量JIT哲理下所建構出的模式，目標是求取總閒置時間最小化；另一IR導向模式則是以追求資源浪費最小化為目標，因此IR導向模式乃追求總閒置率最小化。
　
　　再者，本研究藉由模擬變動下的生產週程時間(由50分鐘至185分鐘，模擬間隔為五分鐘)，在任一給定的週程時間下，均可得出一個相對應的最適工作站數；模擬中發現兩模式皆以生產週程時間為185分鐘時與佈置工作站為1個的配置方式為最佳。接著，藉由IR導向模式所模擬得出的17個最佳配置樣本為基準，並計算此17個樣本的工作關聯度(IWR)與平衡效率，藉由成對樣本的假設檢定，發現此兩組資料檢定後的p值落在拒絕域中，因此可以得知這兩個指標是存在差異性的。其中可能的原因為影響IWR的關鍵因素為最適工作站數的多寡（愈少則工作關聯度愈高），反觀影響平衡效率的關鍵因素乃為生產週程時間的多寡，由於影響兩指標的關鍵因素不同，因此無法支持此兩個指標具有可相互替代。
　
　　綜言之，本研究將同步生產的觀念導入生產線平衡的型一問題中，為生產線設計佈置者提供一個更近實務的佈置理念。

　　To compute the traditional assembly line balance problem is to make sure that the summation of all work time of tasks in the workstation is less than or equal to the cycle time. However, such a method looks like rational but it produces a lot of slack time. So this study presents a hybrid assembly line balance approach with the considerations of concurrent engineering (CE) and just-in-time (JIT) philosophy to pursue the minimal idle rate (or maximal balancing efficiency). If tasks consider the synchronous production, the assembly line balancing problem is then to be complicated. Fortunately, the proposed Four-Position Coding Technique (FPCT) makes the above-mentioned issue can be functioned by LINGO software. Besides, this study proposes two structuralized nonlinear models, idle time - IT model and idle rate - IR model. The IT model considers JIT philosophy for pursuing the minimal total idle time, and the other one- IR model is to search the minimum resource wastes, that is, IR model is to search the minimum total idle rate.
　
　　This study simulates the various cycle time (from 50 minutes to 185 minutes), and then to find out the optimal number of workstations for the given exemplified case. In addition, the 17 simulated samples from IR model is generated, and then computes the IWR index and balancing efficiency (1- idle rate) for each simulated sample. Through conducting t-test, the conclusion falls in the reject area, the significant differences between these two indexes are made. The possible reasons for explaining the above-mentioned phenomenon is that the main factor for changing IWR is the number of deployed workstations (the less number of deployed workstation makes the higher IWR), but the key factor for changing balancing efficiency is the cycle time. It shows that the major factors for changing IWR and balancing efficiency are different, so the replacement characteristic of these two indices can not exist.
　
　　For summary, this study takes the concept of concurrent engineering into the type I problem of assembly line, and then provide the useful layout to the designer of assembly line.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
　
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3研究架構與流程 5
　
第二章 文獻探討 7
2.1 生產線平衡問題 7
2.2 生產線平衡問題的類型 8
2.3 同步工程 13
2.4 剛好及時系統 14
　
第三章 數值範例與LINGO語法 16
3.1 數值範例的介紹 16
3.2 LINGO語法介紹 20
　
第四章 實例應用 21
4.1 模式規模 21
4.2 全域最佳解 21
　
第五章 模擬與分析 39
　
第六章 檢定工作關聯度與平衡效率 42
　
第七章 結論與建議 45
　
參考文獻 47
附錄一 51
附錄二 55
附錄三 64

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