臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

東部鐵路快速化計畫是台鐵近年來重大的改建工程之一，其中台東線電氣化、瓶頸路段雙線化已於2009年發包施工，北宜直線鐵路則是面臨興建與否的議論。以目前鐵工局所提出的四條北宜直線鐵路路線方案而言，各個方案的選擇均為整段升級與否。由於鐵路之基礎設施為軌道系統之中最鉅額之投資，因此如何進行工程方案之篩選十分重要。再者，台鐵於2007年後引進了太魯閣傾斜式列車，2011年再度引進136輛傾斜列車，東部鐵路之營運型態在未來幾年之內將會面臨重大改變，如何將列車設備與軌道路線設施進行整合規劃決策，將資源用進行最有效之利用將是一項重要課題。
目前軌道路線之遴選方式，絕大多數是將路線進行整段升級，並無法明確決定出最具成本效益的升級路段。再者，列車運行與軌道路線、車輛性能與列車運行之服務設計彼此間有密切關連，但過去之路線改建決策並不會一併考量。有鑑於此，本研究以列車之運行時間作為基礎，研發出兩套決策支援系統，以整數規劃作為核心進行方案遴選。其中第一套是採用直觀之方式，利用運行時間與成本之權衡，進行升級路段與車輛技術之決策；第二套決策支援系統則是透過反應實際旅運需求做為決策基礎，並且納入了列車服務設計相關因子，除可進行升級路線與車輛技術選擇之外，也可針對工程路線進行城際列車的停站規劃與頻率求解，進而推算出準確的營運列車車隊大小。
本研究以兩套決策支援架構，分別進行案例分析，其中第一套架構應用於宜蘭線之舊線升級計畫，可在以最大化運轉節省時間或最小化成本之情況下找尋出最具成本效益之升級路段與車輛技術。第二套決策支援架構於虛擬路網之中，輸入不同之需求矩陣數值，即可對應到不同之升級方案；而在實際路網中，則是以北宜直線鐵路為對像進行分析。在以2025年為完工目標年、預測需求以及旅客時間價值均有成長的情況之下，其求解結果顯示南港、頭城之直線鐵路方案為最具成本效益之投資方案，車輛技術則是受限於不同的營運情境而有不同之選擇；另外，本研究亦成功規劃出未來行駛北宜直線鐵路之運轉系統，可作為未來實際營運之參考。

The most common, near-term approach to upgrading railway corridors to achieve high speeds is by incremental improvement. Existing infrastructure or rolling stock can be improved in various ways to allow for increasing speeds and reducing travel time along a route. Each track section has a characteristic set of opportunities for increasing speed and their corresponding effect on travel time reduction, along with an associated set of costs. Similarly, each type of rolling stock has the potential to increase operational speed and reduce travel time, corresponding to a specific price tag. This research focuses on developing a decision support process using mathematical programming to identify the most cost-effective strategy for reducing corridor travel time given a prescribed performance goal and budget. This optimization process was implemented in a railway corridor in Taiwan, and the result shows that the best strategy is a combination of infrastructure upgrade and rolling stock acquisition. Using this tool can help states and railway agencies simultaneously maximize capital investment returns and maintain reliable services for their customers.

第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究範圍與限制 2
1.4 研究內容與方法 3
1.5 研究流程 3
1.6 研究貢獻 4
1.7 章節說明 5
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 基礎設施改善相關文獻 6
2.2.1 容量計畫相關文獻 6
2.2.2 路線升級決策相關文獻 7
2.2.3 路線升級文獻討論 8
2.2 傾斜列車技術回顧 9
2.3.1 強制傾斜系統 9
2.3.2 自然傾斜系統 10
2.3.3 控制傾斜系統 10
2.3.4 空氣彈簧傾斜系統 11
2.3.5 複合式傾斜系統 12
2.3.6 傾斜列車技術討論 13
2.3 服務設計相關文獻 14
2.4.1 鐵路營運計畫 14
2.4.2 服務設計相關文獻 18
2.4.3 服務設計文獻討論 20
2.4 文獻回顧結語 20
第三章 直觀決策支援架構 22
3.1 適用問題情境 22
3.2 決策支援架構 22
3.3 路線切割與方案產生 23
3.4 車輛與時間方案產生 24
3.5 模式建構 27
3.6 案例分析 28
3.7 結語 30
第四章 考量服務設計決策支援架構 31
4.1 適用問題情境 31
4.2 決策支援架構 32
4.3 模式建構 33
4.3.1 模式一：路網僅使用城際列車車型進行營運 42
4.3.2 模式二：路網已有區間車後進行城際列車之服務計畫 45
4.4 案例分析 47
4.5.1 簡介 47
4.5.2 案例一：虛擬路網 47
4.5.3 案例二：實際路網 73
4.5 結語 85
第五章 結論與建議 86
5.1 研究結論 86
5.2 研究貢獻 86
5.3 研究建議 87

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