臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著資訊化的普及，人類的生活與資訊產品已緊密鑲嵌，因此企業大量投資經費在研發資訊科技的技術，以提昇競爭力。因此，資訊人才在組織中的地位也愈顯重要，然而資訊人員特性與工作壓力造成資訊人才不斷的流失。想要留住績優的資訊人才，一直是企業的目標，也是管理上面臨的重大挑戰與議題。對於員工離職的相關研究儘管為數頗多，然而，由於對於資訊人員離職的現象缺乏全盤性的瞭解，以至於到目前仍未能發現一個好的因應策略。
本研究之目的在找出影響資訊人員離職意圖的因素架構並釐清其間之權重關係。研究方法主要藉由影響離職意圖之相關文獻分析與Joseph等學者於2007的彙整分析結果，進而發展出一個包括工作、組織、社會心理與情感、個人、以及外在環境等五大構面之架構，並藉由邀請國內在資訊專長與管理專長領域的傑出學者與實務界專家，經由三個回合的修正式德菲法技術，以得出專家間對各研究變項的一致性觀點。
在第一回合問卷，共有45位專家參與，其目的是釐清本研究提出的75變項是否影響資訊人員離職意圖。第二回合的問卷共有40位專家參與；主要為確認各個變項之相對權重。第三回合，也是最終回合裡，共有36位專家參與， 60個變項一致性與穩定性皆通過檢測，因此本研究到止結束。
本研究發現「工作負荷」、「獎賞與報酬」二個因素是四群專家一致認同最重要的因素。代表著資訊人員的工作普遍都是工作超量，而在工作超量下仍留在組織裡，最大的調節因素就是組織裡的獎賞制度，是否能滿足他們的付出與組織的回饋是均衡，或是預期與實際得到的獎賞是一致。Griffeth等學者在2000年實證，薪水可調節離職意圖50%，與我們的專家群結果是一致。 我們也發現另一個現象，就是業界的管理專家，他們皆一致認同角色超載、角色模糊與角色衝突是排名前三的重要變項，和其他三群專家的排名迥然不同。表示，主管層級的資訊人才面臨的壓力是來自於跨組織活動，所造成的角色定位問題。而主管級的資訊人才正是組織的菁英，值得企業管理者重視此一現象。
本研究藉由專家群腦力激盪下，彙整出交互在工作、組織、心理、個人以及外在環境層面的整合架構。相信本研究可以提供給業界的管理者有效降低資訊人才的離職意圖，及提供學界的研究者，往後可依此架構做實證的研究調查。

Since the life of human nowadays is tightly-coupled with lots of information products due to information popularization. The corporation and the industry also invest many funds in developing information technologies to improve the competitiveness. Hence, the IT profession has played a very important role for a company. However, due to the working pressure and the characteristic of these IT professions, the brain-drain of them has become a usual phenomenon in industries. Thus, the way to keep the outstanding IT professions has become an important goal for enterprises, and is also a complicated challenge in the management field. Although there are lots of researches addressing the separation of employees, none of them well analyzed the phenomenon of the separation for IT professions, so there is no any suitable strategy for this problem until now.
The study that aimed to find out the factors of the IT profession’ turnover intentions, and analyze the structure of these factors and their weights. Our methodology was to review the related literature about the fatcors of turnover intertions and the analysis framework proposed by Joseph and et al. in 2007, and then we developed an 5-dimension structure, including (1) job-related, (2) organizational, (3) psychosocial and affective, (4) individual, and (5) external environment. Last, we invited lots of experts and scholars about management and information to apply the three-round Modified Delphi Approach repair to summarize the coincidental conclusion about each variable in our research.
In the first round of investigation, 45 experts involved to identify whether the 75 variables we proposed in this work effect the turnover decisions of IT staffs. In the second round of investigation, 40 experts involved to classify the weight of each variable. Last, in the third round of investigation, 36 experts involved to confirm the stability and the consistency of the 60 variables as the end of the survey.
In our preliminary survey, the 4 groups of experts and we all agreed the work load the reward are the two primary factors to let IT quit, which indicate most of IT staffs are overloaded. For those who are overloaded but stay in the original organization, the major adjustment factor is whether the reward system is able to achieve their expected feedback against their pay or not, or in other words, if they can gain the rewards as their expectation or not. Griffeth and et al. in 2000 have proved the salary can be moderated approaching 50% of turnover intention, which also matches our results. We also found the management experts in industry agreed the role overload, the role ambiguity, and the role conflict are the top three major variables, which is completely opposite against the other three groups of experts. The result shows the pressure of director-level information professionals comes from the cross-organizational activities, which causes the role ambiguity. However, the director-class IT employees are the talents which should be put in the important positions by the managers in the companies.
We were assisted by lots of experts, and concluded an integrated structure of job-related, organizational, psychosocial and affective, individual, and external environment in this research,. We believe the result could be helpful for the managers in industries to keep the IT professions, and also for the scholars for reference in the academic research in the future.

第一章 緒論 ..................................................................................... 1
第一節 研究背景 ..........................................................................................1
第二節研究動機 ..........................................................................................4
第三節研究目的與研究問題 ......................................................................6
第四節研究對象與範圍 ..............................................................................7
第二章文獻探討 ............................................................................. 9
第一節 資訊從業人員的工作特性與特質 ..................................................9
2.1.1 資訊工作性質、特性與專業領域........................................................................ 9
2.1.2 資訊人員的角色定位與壓力.............................................................................. 10
第二節 離職與離職意圖理論和模式 ........................................................12
2.2.1 離職與離職意圖.................................................................................................. 12
2.2.2 離職意圖的研究理論與模式.............................................................................. 12
2.2.3 IS 專業人員的離職 ........................................................................................... 15
第三節 影響離職意圖之因素探討 ............................................................17
2.3.1 心理層面的因素.................................................................................................. 17
2.3.2 工作層面影響...................................................................................................... 20
2.3.3 組織層面影響...................................................................................................... 22
2.3.4 個人因素.............................................................................................................. 23
2.3.5 外在環境因素...................................................................................................... 25
第四節文獻分析 ........................................................................................26
2.4.1 彙整分析.............................................................................................................. 27
第五節德菲法 ............................................................................................28
2.5.1 德菲法的定義與特徵.......................................................................................... 28
2.5.2 德菲法進行步驟.................................................................................................. 30
2.5.3 修正型德菲法...................................................................................................... 30
ix
2.5.4 德菲法實施注意事項.......................................................................................... 31
2.5.5 德菲法優缺點...................................................................................................... 31
第三章 研究模式與方法 ............................................................... 33
第一節 研究模式 ........................................................................................33
3.1.1 五大研究構面....................................................................................................... 33
第二節 研究方法 ........................................................................................42
3.2.1 修正型德菲法...................................................................................................... 42
3.2.2 模糊德菲法.......................................................................................................... 44
3.2.3 研究工具.............................................................................................................. 44
第三節 研究步驟 ........................................................................................46
3.3.1 建立研究議題...................................................................................................... 46
3.3.2 選取專家成員...................................................................................................... 47
3.3.3 研究流程.............................................................................................................. 49
第四節 資料分析方法 ................................................................................49
3.4.1 第一回合問卷...................................................................................................... 49
3.4.2 第二回合問卷...................................................................................................... 50
3.4.3 第三回合問卷...................................................................................................... 51
第四章資料分析 ........................................................................... 53
第一節 整體性敍述統計分析 ....................................................................53
第二節 第一回合資料分析 ........................................................................57
4.2.1 第一回合問卷回收分析....................................................................................... 57
4.2.2 第一回合人口統計資料...................................................................................... 57
4.2.3 五大研究構面分析............................................................................................... 58
4.2.4 專家意見回饋....................................................................................................... 82
4.2.5 小結....................................................................................................................... 88
第三節 第二回合問卷資料分析 ................................................................89
4.3.1 第二回合問卷回收分析....................................................................................... 89
x
4.3.2 第二回合問卷人口統計資料.............................................................................. 89
4.3.3 個別變項之敍述性統計...................................................................................... 90
4.3.4 小結...................................................................................................................... 98
第四節 第三回合問卷資料分析 ................................................................99
4.4.1 第三回問卷回收情形........................................................................................... 99
4.4.2 第三回問卷人口統計資料.................................................................................. 99
4.4.3 個別變項之敍述性統計.................................................................................... 100
4.4.4 小結.................................................................................................................... 108
第五節 總結與修正研究模式 ................................................................. 108
第五章結果與討論 ..................................................................... 113
第一節 研究發現 ..................................................................................... 113
第二節研究貢獻 ..................................................................................... 114
5.2.1 學術貢獻............................................................................................................ 115
5.2.2 實務貢獻............................................................................................................ 115
第三節 研究限制 ..................................................................................... 116
第四節 未來研究方向與研究建議 ......................................................... 116
第六章結論 ................................................................................. 117
第七章 參考文獻 ......................................................................... 119
附 錄 ........................................................................................... 135
附件一：文獻分析萃取出之影響變項...................................................................... 135
附件二：第一回合問卷.............................................................................................. 135
附件三：第二回合問卷.............................................................................................. 142
附件四：第三回合問卷.............................................................................................. 145

中文文獻：
1. 蘇守謙，民國89年。資訊人員職業焦崩與離職決策研究，國立中央大學資訊管理研究所未出版博士論文。
2. 褚志鵬，民國99年。國立東華大學教學講義。

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