臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來台灣石化工業已是成熟的產業，成長趨緩、產品獲利降低，再加上產業結構之轉型使得未來石化原料需求成長將趨緩，企業無不積極尋找新的出路。觀察石化業企業近年來的因應作法，產品技術創新為主要的方向之一，其內含有四種不同方式：1.現有產品改良發展新品級；2.發展相關新產品；3.發展無關新產品；4.發展跨領域新產品。
本研究的目的在探討企業在從事產品技術創新時，所存在的技術缺口類型（技術關聯性 × 技術能力差距）、技術網路特質與技術獲取間之關係。企業在思考技術獲取時，除了技術缺口外，企業之技術網路特質亦為重要的因素，應探討網路成員所擁有的「技術特質」、「技術能力」與「提供技術的意願及要求的條件」等。
研究發現企業遭遇到應用型（技術關聯性高、技術能力差距小）與升級型（技術關聯性高、技術能力差距大）的技術缺口類型時，傾向企業內部自行研發，這樣不但可以增進企業的核心技術能力，且新舊產品之間有上下游垂直整合的關係。
企業遭遇到無關型（技術關聯性低、技術能力差距小）與突破型（技術關聯性低、技術能力差距大）的技術缺口類型，這兩類的專案技術缺口較大，對於企業本身技術能力與經費能力的要求非常高，石化企業多採取自企業外部獲取技術的策略居多。

In the latest few years, Taiwan petroleum chemicals industry has become a mature industry, grow up slowly, profit of product was reduce, and the transition of of industrial structure makes the materials demand of the petroleum chemicals industry grows up slowly in the future, corporations look for the new outlet actively. The ways of Petroleum chemicals industry's enterprises avoid the problems, the technological innovation of the products is one of the main directions, contain four kinds of different ways in it: 1. Improve existing products are and develop new grade; 2. Develop relatived new products; 3. Develop the unrelated new products; 4. Develop products of new industry.
The purpose of this research is the relation among types of technology gap (Technology relation and Technology ability disparity), characteristics of technology network and technology sources when enterprises engaged in the technology innovation of the products. While thinking of technology sources, besides technology gap, the characteristics of technology network are also important factors. We should probe into the technology speciality, technology ability, network members have with the will and terms of offering technology.
We find when enterprises in the applying type technology gap (High technology relation and small technology ability disparity) and the upgrading type technology gap (High technology relation and big technology ability

disparity), technology sources of enterprises come from research and develop by oneself, not only can promote the ability of core technology, but also can combine the vertical relation of products.
When enterprises in the unrelated type technology gap (Low technology relation and small technology ability disparity) and the breaking type technology gap (Low technology relation and big technology ability disparity), technology ability disparity is big to this two types of technology gaps, expect very much enterprise technology ability and funds ability, technology sources of enterprises come from enterprise outside.

目錄
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 3
第三節 研究目的 4
第四節 研究步驟 5

第貳章 文獻探討 7
第一節 技術缺口 7
第二節 技術網路 21
第三節 技術獲取 26

第三章 研究方法 33
第一節 研究架構 33
第二節 研究命題 34
第三節 研究變數說明 35
第四節 研究設計 42
第五節 研究對象 43
第六節 資料來源與收集 44

第四章 專案探討與分析 45
第一節 石化產業簡介 45
第二節 個案公司簡介 46
第三節 應用型技術缺口專案分析 52
第四節 升級型技術缺口專案分析 64
第五節 突破型技術缺口專案分析 77
第六節 無關型技術缺口專案分析 90

第五章 專案整理與命題 105
第一節 專案整理 105
第二節 研究命題發展 106

第六章 結論與建議 117
第一節 結論 117
第二節 建議 121

參考文獻 123
附錄一、基本問項 129











表目錄
表2-3-1 技術獲取方式彙整 31
表3-3-1 技術獲取方式彙整 41
表3-5-1 各專案之基本資料 43
表4-2-1 本研究所探討的A公司新產品開發專案 47
表4-2-2 B公司主要產品 50
表4-2-3 本研究所探討的B公司新產品開發專案 50
表4-3-1 ABS樹脂品級分類與成形方式 52
表4-3-2 耐燃級ABS樹脂開發專案與既有製程技術領域的差別 53
表4-3-3 耐燃級ABS樹脂開發專案技術與現有技術之差距 55
表4-3-4 耐燃級ABS樹脂開發專案網路特質分析 57
表4-3-5 電子級丙二醇甲醚開發專案與既有製程技術領域的差別 59
表4-3-6 電子級丙二醇甲醚開發專案技術與現有技術之差距 60
表4-3-7 電子級丙二醇甲醚技術網路特質分析 61
表4-3-8 應用型技術缺口研發專案之歸納比較 63
表4-4-1 耐衝擊性聚苯乙烯開發專案與既有製程技術領域的差別 65
表4-4-2 耐衝擊性聚苯乙烯開發專案技術與現有技術之差距 66
表4-4-3 耐衝擊級聚乙烯技術網路特質分析 69
表4-4-4 電子級雙氧水開發專案製程與舊製程技術領域的差別 71
表4-4-5 電子級雙氧水開發專案技術與現有技術之差距 73
表4-4-6 電子雙氧水技術網路特質分析 75
表4-4-7 升級型技術缺口之專案歸納比較 76
表4-5-1 玻璃棉開發專案製程與舊製程技術領域的差別 78
表4-5-2 玻璃棉開發專案技術與現有技術之差距 80
表4-5-3 玻璃棉技術網路特質分析 82
表4-5-4 銅箔開發專案製程與舊製程技術領域的差別 85
表4-5-5 銅箔開發專案技術與現有技術之差距 86
表4-5-6 銅箔技術網路特質分析 88
表4-5-7 無關型技術缺口之專案歸納比較 89
表4-6-1 曲面印刷開發專案製程與舊製程技術領域的差別 92
表4-6-2 曲面印刷開發專案技術與現有技術之差距 93
表4-6-3 曲面印刷技術網路特質分析 95
表4-6-4 銅箔積層板開發專案製程與舊製程技術領域的差別 99
表4-6-5 銅箔積層板開發專案技術與現有技術之差距 100
表4-6-6 銅箔積層板技術網路特質分析 102
表4-6-7 突破型技術缺口之專案歸納比較 103
表5-1-1 各類型技術缺口專案彙整 105
表6-1-1 命題彙整（一） 118
表6-1-2 命題彙整（二） 118


















圖目錄
圖1-4-1 研究步驟 5
圖2-1-1 NPD程式 9
圖2-1-2 三種技能與知識 10
圖2-1-3 知識策略骨架圖 11
圖2-1-4 相對技術能力概念圖 12
圖2-3-1 技術獲取的四種模式 30
圖3-1-1 本研究觀念性架構 33
圖3-3-1 技術缺口類型 36
圖4-1-1 石化產業關聯圖 45
圖4-2-1 A公司組織架構圖 48
圖4-4-1 B公司組織架構圖 51
圖4-3-1 耐燃級ABS樹脂製造流程 54
圖4-4-1 聚苯乙烯製程圖 65
圖4-4-2 電子級雙氧水製程圖 70
圖4-5-2 銅箔製造流程圖 84
圖4-6-1 曲面印刷製程圖 91
圖4-6-2 銅箔積層板製程圖 98

中文部分：
1.方賢齊 (1998)。「技術移轉之基本概念」。機械工業雜誌， 188, 89-90。
2.吳思華 (2000)。策略九說：策略思考的本質。臺北：臉譜出版社。
3.李仁芳 (1997)。「聚智分金—台灣企業技術網路建構之探討」。許士軍(主持人)，第六屆產業管理研討會，台中：東海大學。
4.周德光、蔡敦浩 (1994)。「技術能力的形成與發展」。1994 產業科技研究發展管理論文集， 237-264，經濟部技術處。
5.林明杰 (1992)。技術能力與技術引進績效相關之研究。政治大學企業管理研究所未出版博士論文，臺北市。
6.施至鴻 (2001)。技術移轉法制之研究。私立東吳大學法律研究所未出版碩士論文，臺北。
7.翁明祥 (1999)。企業技術能力、技術網路與產品選擇策略關係之研究－台灣化工業開發電子化學品之案例。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告（報告編號：NSC-88-2416-H-030-005），臺北。
8.翁明祥、李引裕(2003)。「技術創新過程中技術缺口與彌補策略關係之研究－以生物科技產業為例」。管理與系統， 10(4)， 441-470。
9.許文賢 (1995)。技術來源、技術能力與績效之研究。中正大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文，嘉義。
10.陳怡之、譚瑞琨 (1995)。我國企業技術移轉需求與特性分析。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告（報告編號：NSC-83-0301-H155-004），台北。
11.陳東升 (2003)。積體電路。臺北市：群學出版社。
12.蔡宜璋 (1999)。技術能力、技術網路與產品創新策略關聯性之研究－以台灣化工業開發電子化學品為例。天主教輔仁大學管理學研究所未出版之碩士論文，臺北。
13.經濟部技術處產業技術知識服務計畫(ITIS)：http://www.itis.org.tw/


















英文部分：
1.Ahuja, G. (2000). Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: A longitudinal study. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 425-455.
2.Amesse, F., & Cohendet, P. (2001). Technology transfer revisited from the perspective of the knowledge-based economy. Research Policy, 30, 1459-1478.
3.Ansoff, H. I., & Antoniou, P. H. (2004). Strategic management of technology. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 16(2), 275-291.
4.Autio, E., & Laamanen, T. (1995). Measurement and evaluation of technology transfer: Review of technology transfer mechanisms and indicators. International Journal of Technology Management, 10 No. 7/8, 643-664.
5.Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (1999). Cooperation and competition in relationships between competitors in business networks. The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 14(3), 178-194.
6.Bennett, R. J., Bratton, W. A., & Robson, P. J. (2000). Business advice: The influence of distance. Regional Studies, 34 (9), 813-828.
7.Betz, F. (1993). Strategic technology management. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
8.Betz, F. (2003). Strategic technological management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
9.Burgelman, R. A., & Rosenbloom, R. S. (1989). Research on technological innovation, management and policy: A research annual. Greenwich, Conn : JAI Pr.
10.Chang, M. (1995). APEC technology transfer workshop. Department of Industrial Technology, MOEA, 15-16.
11.Chiou, J. S., Lee, M., & Calantone, R. (1996). International technology transfer from the peceipient's perspective: The difference between hard technology pursuers and know-how technology pursuers. Journal of Global Marketing, (May), 5-22.
12.Cohen, S. S., & Fields, G. (1999). Social capital and capital gains in silicon valley. California Management Review, 41 (2), 108-130.
13.Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128-152.
14.Cowan, R., & Jonard, N. (2000). The dynamics of collective learning. MERIT Working Paper Series.
15.Crawford, M., & Benedetto, A. D. (2005). New products management. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
16.Dollinger, M. J. (1995). Entrepreneurship: Strategies and resources. Boston: Irwin.
17.Dosi, G. (1982). Technological paradigms and technological trajectories. Research Policy, 11(3), 147-162.
18.Doz, Y. L., Olk, P. M., & Ring, P. S. (2000). Formation processes of R&D consortia: Which path to take? Where does it lead? Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 239-266.
19.Ford, D. (1988). Develop your technology strategy. Long Range Planning, 21(5), 85-94.
20.Gulati, R., Nohria, N., & Zaheer, A. (2000). Strategic networks. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 203-215.
21.Hafeez, K., YanBing, Z., & Naila, M. (2002). Determining key capabilities of a firm using analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Production Economics, 76(1), 39-51.
22.Hameri, A. (1996). Technology transfer between basic research and industry. Technovation, 16(2), pp.51-57.
23.Harrison, N., & Samson, D. (2002). Technology management: Text and international cases. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
24.Harryson, S. (1998). Japanese technology and innovation management. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
25.Hauptman, O., & Tyre, M. J. (1992). Effectiveness of organizational responses to technological change in the production process. Organization Science, 3(3), 301-320.
26.Helleloid, D., & Simonin, B. (1994). Organizational learning and a firm’s core competence. in Hamel, G., & Heene, A. ed., Competence-based competition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 213-239.
27.Izushi, H. (2002). ‘Voice’ approach of trade associations: support for SMEs accessing a research institute. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 20 (3), 439-454.
28.Katz, R., Rebentisch, E. S., & Allen, T. J. (1996). A study of technology transfer in a multinational cooperative joint venture. IEEE Transaction On Engineering Management, 43(1), 97-105.
29.Keith, P. (1999). Technology, management and systems of innovation. Cheltenham Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
30.Khalil, T. M. (2000). Management of technology: The key to competitiveness and wealth creation. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
31.Knott, P., & Pearson, A. (1996). A new approach to competence analysis. International Journal of Technology Management, 11, 495-503.
32.Kokka, A., Tansini, R., & Zejan, M. C. (1996). Local technological capability and productivity spillovers from FDI in the Uruguay manufacturing sector. Journal of Development Studies, 32, 602-11.
33.Leonard-Barton, D. (1995). Wellsprings of knowledge: Building and sustaning the sources of innovation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
34.Lewis, J. D. (1990). Partnerships for profit-structuring and management strategic alliances. New York: The Free Press.
35.Marino, K. E. (1996). Developing consensus on firm competencies and capabilities. The Academy of Management Executive, 10(3), 40-49.
36.Melissa, A. S. (2005). Strategic management of technological innovation. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company.
37.Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 22 (2), 242-266.
38.Narayanan, V. K. (2001). Managing technology and innovation for competitive advantage. New Jersey: Prentice-Hill, Inc.
39.Schon, D. A. (1967). Technology and change：The new Heraclitus. New York: Pergamon Press.
40.Sharif, M. N. (1988). Basis for techno-economic policy analysis. Science and Public Policy. 15(4), August, 217-299.
41.Song, X. M., & Parry, M. E. (1999). Challenges of managing the development of breakthrough products in Japan. Journal of Operations Management, 17, 669-682.
42.Stuart, T. (1998). Network positions and propensities to collaborate: An investigation of strategic alliance formation in a high-technology industry. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, 668-698.
43.Tassey, G. (2005). The disaggregated technology production function: A new model of university and corporate research. Research Policy, 34, 287-303.
44.Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509-533.
45.Tushman, M. L., & Rosenkopf, L. (1992). Organizational determinants of technological change: Toward a sociology of technological evolution. Research in Organizational Behavior, 14, 311-347.
46.Tushman, M., & Anderson, P. (1986). Technological discontinuities and organizational environment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 439-456.
47.Walsh, S. T., & Linton, J. D. (2001). The competence pyramid: A framework for identifying and analyzing firm and industry competence. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 13(2), 165-177.
48.Wong, J. K. (1995). Technology transfer in Thailand: Descriptive validation of a technology transfer model. International Journal of Technology Management, 10(7/8), 788-796.
49.Zack, H. M. (1999). Developing a knowledge strategy. Sloan Management Review, 41(3), 136.