臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

蛭類（蛭亞綱：有吻蛭目＆無吻蛭目）動物均為肉食者，其中包含吸血的種類以及捕食的種類。前人對捕食型蛭類之覓食生態學研究雖涵蓋了許多有吻蛭目的物種以及無吻蛭目中之石蛭形亞目的一些種類，但無吻蛭目中的另一亞目（醫蛭形亞目）的種類卻罕有研究。由於兩亞目之蛭類其食性、偵測獵物方式、捕食行為等均大不相同，因此本研究以捕食多種淡水螺類之光潤金線蛭（醫蛭形亞目：黃蛭科）為實驗物種，並且挑選福壽螺、網蜷、石田螺、台灣椎實螺及囊螺五種與金線蛭共域之螺種，來探討光潤金線蛭的覓食策略與覓食行為。實驗結果顯示，光潤金線蛭對此五種淡水螺類分別有不同的尺寸偏好：在福壽螺、網蜷、石田螺此三種有口蓋螺類中，光潤金線蛭最偏好捕食中間尺寸的螺類個體；而在台灣椎實螺與囊螺兩種無口蓋螺類中，光潤金線蛭則是最偏好捕食大尺寸的螺類個體。藉由能量最大化模型之估計，我們發現光潤金線蛭的捕食偏好符合經濟效益期望值之預測，且除了實際所得肉重與光潤金線蛭入侵獵物個體所費時間之外，捕食成功率亦對經濟效益期望值有極大的影響。另外，當此五種螺類同時存在時，光潤金線蛭對此五種螺亦存在捕食之種類偏好，且推測此獵物種類偏好的原因為光潤金線蛭偏好捕食易受攻擊性較高的獵物種類。從實驗結果也發現，光潤金線蛭能夠偵測水中的螺類氣味，但無法藉此追蹤獵物，反而是以增加擺頭頻率、擴大搜尋範圍、以及減少長距離移動來增加接觸到獵物的機會。另外，實驗發現光潤金線蛭亦能夠以螺類的爬行痕跡來追蹤獵物。此五種螺類的爬行痕跡中，光潤金線蛭僅追蹤網蜷、台灣椎實螺、以及囊螺的爬行痕跡，並且無法藉由爬行痕跡辨別獵物大小。此外，當光潤金線蛭追蹤螺類的爬行痕跡時，會同時表現出一種新的搜尋行為：輕敲行為。根據以上結果，我們認為光潤金線蛭在覓食過程中藉由水中的獵物氣味來偵測獵物的存在，並且以獵物的爬行痕跡來追蹤易受攻擊性較高的獵物種類，而在接觸獵物之後，則是除了選擇易受攻擊性較高之獵物種類來捕食之外，也挑選收益率較高的獵物尺寸來捕食。

摘要……………………………………………………..i
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………….…….iii
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction…………………………………………...1
CHAPTER TWO: Optimal foraging strategy of W. laevis and a new evaluation of prey profitability in the energy maximization model….......6
Introduction………………………………………………………..6
Subjects……………………………………………………………..10
Size selective predation of W. laevis……………………………………………..11
Correlation of prey profitability with the size-selective predation of W. laevis….15
Correlation of prey profitability and prey vulnerability with the species-selective predation of W. laevis…………………………………………………………….23
Discussion…………………………………………………………..25
CHAPTER THREE: The chemosensory ability of prey searching in W. laevis………………………………………………………………….38
Introduction…………………………………………………………38
Prey detection of W. laevis through waterborn odors…...………………………..40
Prey detection of W. laevis follow waterborn odors…...………..………………..43

Prey detection and discrimination of W. laevis through mucus trails…...………..47
Discussion…………………………………………………………..53
CHAPTER FOUR: Conclusions….…………………………………….58
REFERENCES……………….…………………………………………60
TABLES
Table 1..………………………………………………...……….69
Table 2..………………………………………………...……….70
Table 3..………………………………………………...……….71
Table 4..………………………………………………...……….72
Table 5..………………………………………………...……….73
Table 6..………………………………………………...……….74
FIGURES
Figure 1..…...…………………………………………………75
Figure 2.....………………………………………………………77
Figure 3.....……………………………………………...……78
Figure 4.....……………………………………………...……79
Figure 5..……………………………………………...……...80
Figure 6.....………………………………………………………81
Figure 7..……………………………………………………...83
Figure 8..………………………………………………………...84
Figure 9.....……………………………………………….……86
Figure 10....…………………………………………….……...87
APPENDIX
Appendix 1........................................88
Appendix 2.............................................89
Appendix 3.............................................90
Appendix 4.............................................91
Appendix 5.............................................92

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