臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

2004年7月16日獅子頭污水抽水站因雷擊斷電致抽水機組跳機，造成每日約90萬噸未經汙水處理廠完善處理之家庭污水，直接排入淡水河中游河段。本文乃針對該事件對於淡水河海域水質之影響做研究，藉此探討溶解態重金屬（鋁、鎘、鈷、鉻、銅、鐵、錳、鎳、鉛和鋅）之污染情形與分佈特性，作為爾後類似事故如再發生時，對於淡水河海域之污染情形，能有先期的瞭解與掌握，並得以有效的善後處理之參考。同時本文一併研究該事故發生一個月後，中度颱風艾莉侵襲，淡水河經過豪雨的沖刷和洗滌，其水質中溶解態重金屬之變化。

7月22日獅子頭污水溢流事故六日後，各測站水質參數之濃度範圍如下: 鹽度5.6-33.3 psu；酸鹼度7.74-8.23；溶氧1.59-6.12 ml/L；鋁2.18-29.95 nM；鎘0.003-0.044 nM；鈷0.013-0.358 nM；鉻0.014-0.318 nM；銅0.714-27.658 nM；鐵6.33-399.83 nM；錳0.81-151.83 nM；鎳0.49-107.28 nM；鉛0.020-0.730 nM；鋅1.74-14.86 nM。其中錳、鎳和鋅之最高值在獅子頭抽水站排水口測站。

8月31日艾莉颱風侵襲過後五日，各測站水質參數之濃度範圍如下: 鹽度0.1-26.3 psu；酸鹼度8-8.35；溶氧2.75-6.31 ml/L；鋁0.05-42.94 nM；鎘0.002-0.055 nM；鈷0.085-0.836 nM；鉻0.193-3.157 nM；銅0.967-4.907 nM；鐵11.54-572.60 nM；錳21.14-249.41 nM；鎳1.520-8.320 nM；鉛0.009-3.536 nM；鋅1.76-39.95 nM。其中鋁、鈷、鐵、錳、鎳和鉛等之最高值在獅子頭抽水站測站。

此二航次資料顯示淡水河河口海域溶解態重金屬濃度，鐵最高，鎘最低。此外8月31日調查所得之重金屬濃度一般比7月22日所得之濃度較高，而二航次重金屬的分佈，均呈現不規則的分佈，但大部份元素之高值均出現在獅子頭抽水站測站，此結果顯示於研究期間該污染源可能都持續存在。

More than 90x105 tons/day of untreated sewage overflowed to the mid-estuary of the Danshuei Estuary in July 16, 2004 because the pumping system at the Shy-Tzyg-Tour mid-way station was out of order. One month later of this event, a typhoon invaded Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of water quality of the Danshuei Estuary by this event by means of the dissolved trace metals study and to understand the dilution capacity of the storm after the typhoon. This knowledge can give us the information of how deleterious of the water quality, and seek the strategy to improve the situation.

The concentration range of dissolved trace metals of the Danshuei Estuary after the event were as follows: dissolved Al, 2.18-29.95nM；Cd, 0.003-0.044nM；Co, 0.013-0.358nM；Cr(VI), 0.014-0.318nM；Cu, 0.714-27.658nM；Fe, 6.33-399.83nM；Mn, 0.81-151.83nM；Ni, 0.49-107.28nM；Pb, 0.020-0.730nM；Zn, 1.74-14.86. The maximum concentrations of dissolved Mn, Pb and Zn appeared at the Shy-Tzyg-Tour station along the estuarine axis. There had a typhoon invasion around 20th August. However, the concentrations of dissolved trace metals obtained in August survey were generally higher than those found in the July survey. In addition, the maximum concentrations of dissolved Al, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb also occurred at the Shy-Tzyg-Tour station in the August survey. The distribution of dissolved trace metals in the both surveys showed addition behavior. These results may suggest that there had a non-point source of trace metals input to the mid-estuary of the Danshuei Estuary.

謝辭............................................... i
中文摘要........................................ii
英文摘要.............................................iv
目錄.........................................vi
表目錄.........................................viii
圖目錄........................................ix
第一章 緒論..........................................1
1.1 前言.......................................1
1.2 水體中重金屬來源及影響...........................2
1.3 溶解態重金屬元素在河口海域中之分佈................2
1.4 台灣海域環境中溶解態重金屬之分佈....................4
1.5 研究背景..........................................4
1.5.1 八里污水處理廠............................5
1.5.2 獅子頭污水抽水站..............................6
1.6 研究目的......................................................7
第二章 研究區域：淡水河河口海域......................12
第三章 採樣及分析............................15
3.1 採樣與樣品處理........................15
3.2 溶解態重金屬元素分析.........................16
3.2.1 分析方法.........................................17
3.2.2 分析過程......................................20
3.2.2.1 藥劑準備.........................20
A.有機溶劑 Freno TF...............................21
B.錯合劑 complexant...........................21
3.2.2.2 溶劑萃取過程................................22
3.2.2.3 樣品濃度分析之品質控制.........................23
3.2.2.4 石墨式原子吸收光譜儀偵測..........................23
3.2.2.5 溶解態重金屬元素濃度計算...................24
第四章 結果及討論...............................28
4.1 結果.............................28
4.1.1 鹽度和酸鹼度與溶氧............................28
4.1.2 溶解態重金屬元素...........................29
4.2 討論.............................31
第五章 結論...............................47
第六章 參考文獻..............49

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