臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在35℃靜置下，以SDS/DMA安定之MMA迷你乳液其奧斯瓦老化效應及膏化現象均隨著DMA濃度的增加而降低，但會隨著SDS濃度的增加而增加。而在以SDS/SMA安定之MMA迷你乳液中則無奧斯瓦老化效應及膏化現象的發生。另外，在以SDS/DMA安定之系統下，MMA迷你乳液之奧斯瓦老化效應比STY迷你乳液大。
在以SDS/DMA（或SDS/SMA）安定之STY迷你乳化聚合反應中，實驗結果顯示增加 [HEMA] 將使得反應速率變快，並且可以有效地增加藉由水相成核所產生之粒子數（Nw）及經由單體液滴成核機構所產生之乳漿粒子數（Nd）。乳漿粒子之分子量亦會隨著 [HEMA] 的增加而變大，但乳漿粒子之Zeta電位則會隨著 [HEMA] 的增加而減少。在以SDS/DMA（或SDS/SMA）安定之STY迷你乳化聚合反應中，加入HEMA 及HPMA皆會使得反應速率變快，並且使得Pdye增加。而加入HEMA 所得到的Pdye比加入HPMA大，這可歸因於HEMA及HPMA親水性的差異。乳漿粒子之分子量會隨著 HEMA及HPMA 的加入而變大；但乳漿粒子之Zeta電位則會隨之而減少。而在以SDS/SMA安定之STY迷你乳化聚合反應中，增加 [C5OH] 將使得反應速率及Np,f/Nm,i變大。而在以SDS/DMA安定之STY迷你乳化聚合反應中，增加 [C5OH] 將使得反應速率變大，但對於Np,f/Nm,i沒有受到影響。
在以SDS/DMA（或SDS/SMA）安定之STY迷你乳化聚合反應中，增加 [AA] 將使得Rp及Xf降低，而且增加 [AA] 會使得Pdye及Nd增加，但會使得Nw減少。乳漿粒子之Mw及PDI亦會隨著 [AA] 的增加而變大。在以SDS/DMA（或SDS/SMA）安定之STY迷你乳化聚合反應中，加入AA 及MAA皆會使得Rp及Xf降低，而且加入MAA 所得到的Rp及Xf比加入AA大，並且加入AA 及MAA皆會使得Pdye增加。

In MMA miniemulsions stabilized by SDS/DMA, both the Ostwald ripening and creaming rates decrease with increasing [DMA] upon aging at 35℃. On the other hand no appreciable Ostwald ripening and creaming were detected for the SMA containing MMA miniemulsions. In addition, MMA miniemulsion shows a larger Ostwald ripening rate than STY miniemulsion stabilized by SDS/DMA.
In STY miniemulsion polymerization stabilized by SDS/DMA（or SDS/SMA）, Rp increases with increasing [HEMA]. Nd and Nw also increase when [HEMA] increases. In addition, Mw increases with incresing [HEMA], but the Zeta potential of latex particles decreases with increasing [HEMA]. In STY miniemulsion polymerization stabilized by SDS/DMA（or SDS/SMA）, the addition of HEMA or HPMA increases both Rp and Pdye. This can attribute to the different of hydrophilicity between HEMA and HPMA. The Mw of emulsion polymer goes up but the ζ of latex particles decreases when HEMA or HPMA is used.
In STY miniemulsion polymerization stabilized by SDS/SMA, the ratio Np,f/Nm,i goes up with increaseing [C5OH]. In STY miniemulsion polymerization stabilized by SDS/DMA, Rp increases with increaseing [C5OH], whereas Np,f/Nm,i seems to be insensitive to changes in [pentanol].
In STY miniemulsion polymerization stabilized by SDS/DMA（or SDS/SMA）, both Rp and Xf decreases with increasing [AA]. Pdye and Nd increase but Nw decreases with increasing [AA]. Mw and PDI of the emulsion polymer also goes up with increasing [AA]. In STY miniemulsion polymerization stabilized by SDS/DMA（or SDS/SMA）, the addition of AA or MAA tends to decrease both the Rp and Xf . In addition, Pdye also increases when AA or MAA is added to the reaction system.

第一章 緒論 1
1-1 簡介 1
1-2 研究背景及目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2-1 乳液的安定性 5
2-1-1 膏化現象 (creaming) 6
2-1-2 奧斯瓦老化(ostwald ripening)效應和滲透壓(osmotic pressure) 效應 7
2-1-3 凝聚(flocculation)與合併(coalecence) 9
2-1-4 電雙層理論 10
2-1-5 DLVO 理論 10
2-2 乳化聚合反應之成核機構 15
2-2-1 微胞成核理論 (micellar nucleation) 15
2-2-2 均質成核理論 (homogeneous nucleation) 20
2-2-3 凝聚成核理論 (coagulative nucleation) 21
2-2-4 單體液滴成核(Monomer droplet nucleation) 22
2-3 迷你乳液及迷你乳化聚合反應之文獻回顧 23
第三章 實驗設備與方法 35
3-1 實驗用原料 35
3-2 儀器及實驗裝置 36
3-1-1 微射流乳化均質乳化機 (Microfluidizer) 36
3-1-2 雷射光粒徑分析系統 (laser particle size analyzing system) 37
3-1-3 其它儀器 38
3-1-4 乳化聚合反應設備 38
3-3 實驗方法 38
3-3-1 迷你乳液的製備 38
3-3-2 奧斯瓦老化效應對迷你乳液安定性之影響 39
3-3-3 批次迷你乳化聚合反應實驗 40
3-3-4 乳漿產品中染料（Blue 70）含量之測量 41
3-3-5 乳漿產品平均聚合分子量的測定 42
3-3-6 乳漿產品 Zeta potential的測量 43
3-4 實驗數據之處理 43
3-4-1 迷你乳化聚合反應轉化率之量測 43
3-4-2 反應前單體液滴數之計算 44
3-4-3 最終乳漿產品粒子數之計算 44
3-4-4 乳漿產品中染料（Blue 70）含量之計算 44
3-4-5 藉由單體液滴及水相成核所產生乳漿粒子數之計算 45
第四章 結果與討論 53
4-1 以陰離子型界面活性劑/可聚合共同界面活性劑安定之甲基丙烯酸甲酯迷你乳液 53
4-1-1 共同界面活性劑DMA(或SMA)濃度之效應 53
4-1-2 界面活性劑SDS濃度之效應 55
4-1-3 不同濃度的界面活性劑和共同界面活性劑之效應 56
4-1-4 不同親水性單體之效應 57
4-2 陰離子型界面活性劑/可聚合共同界面活性劑安定之苯乙烯/官能基單體迷你乳化聚合反應 80
4-2-1 非離子型官能基單體HEMA濃度之效應 80
4-2-2 不同種類的非離子型官能基單體HEMA及HPMA之效應 108
4-2-3 正戊醇之效應 128
4-2-4 離子型官能基單體AA濃度之效應 146
4-2-5 不同種類的離子型官能基單體AA及MAA之效應 170
第五章 結論與建議 190
5-1 結論 190
5-2 未來研究之建議 193
參考文獻 194
作者簡介 200

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