臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的為探討氮肥、水分管理與硝化抑制劑對蔬菜園土壤氧化亞氮釋出之影響，進而謀求蔬菜園農田土壤氧化亞氮釋出之減量對策。本研究於國立台灣大學農業試驗場試驗田執行，土壤為酸性砂質壤土，採裂區設計種植葉萵苣（Lactuca sativa）或青江白菜（Brassica chinensis）。試驗處理為：氮肥處理（每公頃 0, 261, 522公斤尿素或15 噸有機肥）、水分管理（適量灌溉或倍量灌溉）及硝化抑制劑處理（加與不加硝化抑制劑dicyandiamide），每種處理三重複。於88年8月至89年8月種植四作蔬菜，在蔬菜生長期間每週定期以密閉罩法採集氣體樣品，以氣相層析儀分析其N2O之濃度，用以估計蔬菜園土壤氧化亞氮之釋出量，並於每次採樣時，同時測定土壤無機態氮、土壤有機質、土壤水分含量、土壤溫度及氣溫。
結果顯示蔬菜園土壤氧化亞氮之釋出量會隨著氮肥施用量之增加而顯著增加（四作蔬菜均達5 ﹪顯著水準），水分管理對蔬菜園土壤釋出氧化亞氮則無顯著影響，硝化抑制劑處理僅在第四作實施，其結果為蔬菜園土壤氧化亞氮之釋出量會隨著硝化抑制劑處理之添加而顯著減少（達1 ﹪極顯著水準），但本試驗研究之不同蔬菜種類（萵苣及青江白菜）對土壤釋出氧化亞氮量並未達顯著水準。復經簡單相關分析，土壤水分含量確實與土壤釋出氧化亞氮量有顯著正相關（達0.1 ﹪極顯著水準），且逐步迴歸分析顯示四作蔬菜園土壤氧化亞氮之釋出，土壤水分含量為其顯著之貢獻因子之一，此顯示土壤水分之管理仍有其必要性。因此蔬菜園土壤氧化亞氮釋出之減量對策建議為：施用推薦量之氮肥（依作物施肥手冊），灌溉適量水分（依土壤質地、蔬菜種類及雨量等而定），並視需要添加適量硝化抑制劑（視其價格及效果而定）。

A vegetable (Lactuca sativa and Brassica chinensis) field experiment with three treatments: 1) nitrogen fertilizer (0, 261, 522 kg urea ha-1, and 15 ton org. fertilizer ha-1), 2) water management (adequate water amount and amount two times which), and 3) nitrification inhibitor (with and without dicyandiamide) was conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen fertilizes, water management, and nitrification inhibitor on nitrous oxide emission from a vegetable field soil (acid sandly soil) during the period from the autumn of 1999 to the summer of 2000. Fluxes of N2O were measured by a closed chamber method. The results showed that nitrous oxide emission increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate ( for all four crops, p＜0.05 ) and decreased with using dicyandiamide ( for the fourth crop, p＜0.01 ) . The nitrous oxide emission were not affected by the vegetable species studied, and were not affected by the water management ( p > 0.05 ), but significantly correlated with soil moisture content by simple correlation analysis ( p＜0.001 ) and stepwise regression analysis ( p＜0.001 ) . Therefore, the suggested mitigation strategies of nitrous oxide emission from vegetable field soils were application of adequate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, irrigation of adequate amount of water (depending on soil texture, vegetable species, and precipitation), and application of adequate amount of nitrification inhibitor if necessary.

摘 要˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙I
ABSTRACT˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙II
目 錄˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙III
表目錄˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙IV
圖目錄˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙VI
附 錄˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙VII
壹、前言˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙1
貳、前人研究˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙5
參、材料與方法˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙9
一、作物˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙9
二、試驗地點˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙9
三、試驗設計˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙9
四、土壤氧化亞氮釋出之採樣˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙13
五、氧化亞氮之分析˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙14
六、氧化亞氮檢測數據之品質保證˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙15
七、土壤採樣與製備˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙15
八、土壤無機態氮含量測定˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙16
九、土壤養分與其他化學性質之分析˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙16
十、統計分析˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙17
肆、結果與討論˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙18
一、氧化亞氮檢測數據之品質保證˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙18
二、氮肥對蔬菜園土壤釋出氧化亞氮量的影響˙˙˙˙˙˙˙19
三、水分管理對蔬菜園土壤釋出氧化亞氮的影響˙˙˙˙˙50
四、蔬菜種類對蔬菜園土壤釋出氧化亞氮的影響˙˙˙˙˙54
五、硝化抑制劑對蔬菜園土壤釋出氧化亞氮的影響˙˙˙˙54
伍、結 論˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙56
陸、參考文獻˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙57
附 錄˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙63

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