臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

車削的顫振現象一直是工業界亟欲解決的問題。在加工現場的解決方式中，通常是加強工件的剛性或者是減少切削深度，然而這類方法會降低材料移除率。
本研究針對車削細長形工件的顫振抑制問題加以探討，設計一個壓電致動刀具以取代傳統刀具，以主動式控制方法抑制顫振。考慮量測在車削點的工件位移時，感測器容易受到切屑和切削液的干擾的問題，因此提出一個可避免此困難的控制架構。
設計的控制器只需調整一個參數，即可以在顫振抑制性能與致動器飽和之間取得權衡，因此頗適合在加工現場使用。而且可以經由提出的理論證明，無論車削點位置為何，此控制架構都具有抑制顫振的能力。
理論推導的結果以電腦模擬驗證，並且改裝桌上型車床，進行實際的車削實驗，在相同的車削條件下，比較傳統刀具、未控制的壓電致動刀具和控制的壓電致動刀具之車削效果，結果顯示本文提出的控制器能有效抑制顫振。

Chatter has counter effects in cutting process so that we desired to solve it. The traditional solutions in the workshop are enhancing the workpiece rigidity or reducing the depth of cut. However, these methods will also reduce the material removal rate.
In this study, the chatter suppression for the turning of slender workpieces is investigated. A tool holder driven by a piezoelectric actuator was designed for suppressing chatter by using active control methods. It is noted that, when the displacement sensor makes measurements close to the cutting point, the measurements can be easily corrupted by cutting chips and coolants. Therefore, a novel control structure is proposed for avoiding the difficulty.
The designed controller is easy to use in the workshop, since there is only one parameter of the controller has to be tuned for making a trade-off between the control performance and the actuator saturation. It is also proved by the proposed theory that the controller possesses the ability to suppress chatter at any cutting points.
The derived theoretical results are verified through computer simulations. A table lathe was retrofitted for carrying out the turning experiments using the piezo-actuated tool holder. Under the same cutting conditions, the experimental results are compared for conventional tool holder, uncontrolled piezo-actuated tool holder and the controlled piezo-actuated tool holder. The experimental results have indicated that the proposed controller can suppress chatter effectively.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
目錄 iii
圖目錄 vi
第一章　緒論 11
1.1　研究背景 11
1.2　國內外相關研究 12
1.3　研究目的 13
第二章 顫振模式與控制器設計 15
2.1 車削的顫振模式 15
2.1.1 傳統刀具顫振模式 15
2.1.2 壓電致動刀具顫振模式 17
2.2 控制的壓電致動刀具顫振模式 19
2.3 控制器設計 20
2.3.1　切削臨界穩定極限值 20
2.3.2　不考慮車削點變動的控制器設計 21
2.3.3　控制器對量測不確定性之強健性 24
2.3.3　實際車削之控制架構 26
2.4　懸臂樑的側向振動分析 27
2.4.1　自由振動 27
2.4.2　強迫振動 30
2.5　量測點位置與切削點位置分析 33
第三章 工件量測不確定性鑑別 36
3.1 工件轉移函數的系統鑑別 36
3.1.1 工件位移量測的不確定性鑑別 36
3.1.2 在切削點的實際工件位移鑑別 40
第四章 壓電致動刀具控制器模擬 43
4.1 控制器性能模擬 43
4.1.1 未控制的壓電致動刀具顫振模擬 44
4.1.2 控制的壓電致動刀具顫振模擬 45
4.1.3 致動器飽和對控制性能的影響 47
4.1.4 實際車削過程的顫振模擬 48
4.3 即時控制模擬車削動態實驗 50
第五章 實驗結果 52
5.1 實驗設備與架構 52
5.2 車削參數 55
5.3 工件表面粗度量測方法 55
5.3 實驗結果 57
5.3.1 工件長度105 mm實驗結果 57
5.3.2 工件長度115 mm實驗結果 62
5.3.3 工件長度95 mm實驗結果 65
5.4 改進的加工速率 68
第六章 結論 70
參考文獻 71

A1 實際工件的共振頻率推導 74
A2 工件模態分析實驗 74
A3 常見材料參數 76
A4 壓電致動器之驅動電路設計 78
A4.1 壓電驅動電路架構 78
A4.2 驅動電路設計 80
A4.3 實驗結果 85

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